394 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
394 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# C++ 那些事
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[English version is here](./README_EN.md)
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感谢各位对《C++ 那些事》的支持，现将内容也同步至网站，可以打开网站直接阅读~欢迎大家 star、转发、PR。
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因服务器到期，暂时关闭以下站点，请大家阅读仓库即可，感谢支持。
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> ~~[直通点](https://light-city.club/sc/)~~
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### 关于作者
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公众号已开放两大入口，分别是专辑与菜单，可以直接在微信公众号上阅读《C++ 那些事》内容，配上该仓库的代码，将会非常的爽，建议大家关注一波。
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个人公众号：guangcity
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欢迎大家反馈及 C++ 交流，本人在微信创建了 C++ 那些事交流群，优质的 C++ 资源交流区，期待大家关注上面公众号，点击公众号右下角->联系我，拉你入群。
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---
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另外，下面是我自己建立的知识星球，会带大家做一些小项目以及源码解读等方面成长。
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### 项目运行
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- **代码环境**
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Ubuntu 18.04
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- **编辑工具**
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CLion
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- **编译器**
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> gcc/g++
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尽量用 g++，因为一开始我用的 vim 写的，所以纯 g++，后来用编译器 CLion，部分有 CMakeLists.txt 文件，直接导入就行，后面会更新这个文件包含整个项目，持续关注~
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### 0.项目概要
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- 中文名：**C++ 那些事**
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- 英文名：**Stories About C Plus Plus**
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这是一个适合初学者从<u>**入门到进阶**</u>的仓库，解决了<u>**面试者与学习者**</u>想要<u>**深入 C++**</u> 及如何<u>**入坑 C++**</u> 的问题。除此之外，本仓库拓展了更加深入的源码分析，多线程并发等的知识，是一个比较全面的 C++ 学习从入门到进阶提升的仓库。
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### 1.基础进阶
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- [`const` 那些事](./basic_content/const)
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- [`static` 那些事](./basic_content/static)
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- [`this` 那些事](./basic_content/this)
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- [`inline` 那些事](./basic_content/inline)
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- [`sizeof` 那些事](./basic_content/sizeof)
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- [函数指针那些事](./basic_content/func_pointer)
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- [纯虚函数和抽象类那些事](./basic_content/abstract)
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- [`vptr_vtable` 那些事](./basic_content/vptr_vtable)
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- [`virtual` 那些事](./basic_content/virtual)
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- [`volatile` 那些事](./basic_content/volatile)
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- [`assert` 那些事](./basic_content/assert)
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- [位域那些事](./basic_content/bit)
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- [`extern` 那些事](./basic_content/extern)
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- [`struct` 那些事](./basic_content/struct)
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- [`struct` 与 `class` 那些事](./basic_content/struct_class)
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- [`union` 那些事](./basic_content/union)
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- [`c` 实现 `c++` 多态那些事](./basic_content/c_poly)
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- [`explicit` 那些事](./basic_content/explicit)
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- [`friend` 那些事](./basic_content/friend)
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- [`using` 那些事](./basic_content/using)
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- [`::` 那些事](./basic_content/maohao)
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- [`enum` 那些事](./basic_content/enum)
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- [`decltype` 那些事](./basic_content/decltype)
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- [引用与指针那些事](./basic_content/pointer_refer)
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- [宏那些事](./basic_content/macro)
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### 2.实战系列
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#### 2.1 [10 日狂练](./practical_exercises/10_day_practice)
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- [x] [day1](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day1)
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基本 c++ 语法
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- [x] [day2](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day2)
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递归、结构体、枚举、静态变量等
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- [x] [day3](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day3)
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函数
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- [x] [day4](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day4)
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函数深入
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- [x] [day5](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day5)
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继承多态
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- [x] [day6](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day6)
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虚函数、抽象类
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- [x] [day7](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day7)
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运算符重载
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- [x] [day8](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day8)
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模板与 STL
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- [x] [day9](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day9)
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异常
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- [x] [day10](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day10)
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文件与流
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#### 2.2 [重点实战练习](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/)
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├── [中括号重载.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/中括号重载.cpp)
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├── [时钟++运算符重载.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/时钟++运算符重载.cpp)
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├── [运算符重载之强制转换.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/运算符重载之强制转换.cpp)
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└── [重载圆括号的时钟.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/重载圆括号的时钟.cpp)
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├── [函数模板.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/函数模板.cpp)
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├── [动态数组.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/动态数组.cpp)
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├── [字典插入与查找.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/字典插入与查找.cpp)
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├── [异常捕获.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/异常捕获.cpp)
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├── [类模板之栈.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/类模板之栈.cpp)
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├── [类模板特化之数组.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/类模板特化之数组.cpp)
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├── [继承与封装.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/继承与封装.cpp)
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├── [读写文件综合题.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/读写文件综合题.cpp)
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├── [输入输出运算符重载.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/输入输出运算符重载.cpp)
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├── [输入输出重载.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/输入输出重载.cpp)
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├── [输出格式.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/输出格式.cpp)
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### 3.[C++2.0 新特性](./c++2.0)
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#### 3.0 概况
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C++2.0 是一个简称，意为「现代 C++」，包括 C++11/14/17/20。
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#### 3.1 [C++11 新特性](./c++2.0/c++11)
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- [Variadic Templates](./c++2.0/c++11/variadic)
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- Spaces in Template Expressions
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```cpp
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vector<list<int> > //ok in each C++ version
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vector<list<int>> // before c++ 11 error error: ‘>>’ should be ‘> >’ within a nested template argument list,c++11后可以正常通过
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```
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- [nullptr and nullptr_t](./c++2.0/c++11/nullptr.cpp)
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- [Automatic Type Deduction with auto](./c++2.0/c++11/auto.cpp)
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- [Uniform Initialization ](./c++2.0/c++11/uniform_initialization.cpp)
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- [initializer_list](./c++2.0/c++11/initializer.cpp)
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- [explicit for ctors taking more than one argument](./c++2.0/c++11/explicit.cpp)
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- [range-based for statement](./c++2.0/c++11/auto.cpp)
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```cpp
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for(decl:col) {
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statement
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}
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```
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- [=default,=delete](./c++2.0/c++11/default_delete.cpp)
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如果你自行定义了一个 `ctor`, 那么编译器就不会给你一个 `default ctor`
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如果强制加上 `=default`, 就可以重新获得并使用 `default ctor`.
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- Alias(化名) Template (template typedef)
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- [alias.cpp](./c++2.0/c++11/alias.cpp)
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- [template_template.cpp](./c++2.0/c++11/template_template.cpp)
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- [template template parameter](./c++2.0/template_template.cpp)
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- [type alias](./c++2.0/c++11/type_alias.cpp)
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- [noexcept](./c++2.0/c++11/noexcept.cpp)
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- [override](./c++2.0/c++11/override.cpp)
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- [final](./c++2.0/c++11/final.cpp)
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- [decltype](./c++2.0/c++11/decltype.cpp)
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- [lambda](./c++2.0/c++11/lambda.cpp)
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- [Rvalue reference](./c++2.0/c++11/rvalue.cpp)
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- [move aware class](./c++2.0/c++11/move.cpp)
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- 容器-结构与分类
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- (1) 序列式容器包括：`array`(C++2.0 新引入),`vector`,`deque`,`list`,`forward_list`(C++2.0 新引入)
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- (2) 关联式容器包括：`set/multiset`,`map/multimap`
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- (3) 无序容器(C++2.0 新引入,更换原先 `hash_xxx` 为 `unordered_xxx`)包括：`unordered_map/unordered_multimap,unordered_set/unordered_multiset`
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- [Hash Function](./c++2.0/c++11/hash.cpp)
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- [tuple](./c++2.0/c++11/tuple.cpp)
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学习资料：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av51863195?from=search&seid=3610634846288253061
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#### 3.2 C++14/17/20
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待更新...
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### 4.设计模式
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- [单例模式](./design_pattern/singleton)
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- [生产消费者模式](./design_pattern/producer_consumer)
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### 5. [STL 源码剖析](./src_analysis/stl)
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**STL 源码剖析：gcc 4.9.1**
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- [array](./src_analysis/stl/array.md)
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- [deque](./src_analysis/stl/deque.md)
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- [queue and stack](./src_analysis/stl/queue_stack.md)
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- [list](./src_analysis/stl/list.md)
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- [vector](./src_analysis/stl/vector.md)
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- [typename](./src_analysis/stl/typename.md)
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- [traits](./src_analysis/stl/traits.md)
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- [iterator](./src_analysis/stl/iterator.md)
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- [谈谈 STL 设计之 EBO 优化](./src_analysis/stl/谈谈STL设计之EBO优化.md)
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- [rb_tree](./src_analysis/stl/rb_tree.md)
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- [set and multiset](set_multiset.md)
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- [map and multimap](./src_analysis/stl/map_multimap.md)
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- [hashtable](./src_analysis/stl/hashtable.md)
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- [myhashtable](./src_analysis/stl/myhashtable.md)
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- [unordered_map](./src_analysis/stl/unordered_map.md)
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### 6. [并发编程](./concurrency)
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#### 6.1 C++ Concurrency in Action
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- [第一章](./concurrency/concurrency_v1/chapter1)
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- [第二章](./concurrency/concurrency_v1/chapter2)
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学习资料：https://downdemo.gitbook.io/cpp-concurrency-in-action-2ed/
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#### 6.2 多线程与多进程
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##### 6.2.1 Threading In C++
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- [介绍](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/1.thread)
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- [创建线程的五种类型](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/2.create_type)
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- [Join 与 Detachs](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/3.join_detach)
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- [mutex in C++ Threading](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/4.mutex)
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> 学习自：
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>
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> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZ8yKZo-PGw&list=PLk6CEY9XxSIAeK-EAh3hB4fgNvYkYmghp&index=4
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### 7. [C++ 惯用法](./codingStyleIdioms)
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##### 你最喜欢的 c++ 编程风格惯用法是什么?
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- [1.类初始化列表](./codingStyleIdioms/1_classInitializers)
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- [2.枚举类替换命名空间](./codingStyleIdioms/2_enumclass_namespace)
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- [3.RAII (资源获取即初始化)](./codingStyleIdioms/3_RAII)
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- [4.copy and swap](./codingStyleIdioms/4_copy-swap)
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- [5.pImpl (指针指向具体实现)](./codingStyleIdioms/5_pImpl)
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### 8.学习课程
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#### 8.1 [极客时间《现代 C++ 实战 30 讲》](https://time.geekbang.org/channel/home)
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- [堆、栈、RAII：C++ 里该如何管理资源？](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/RAII)
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- [堆](./learn_class/modern_++_30/RAII/heap.cpp)
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- [栈](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/RAII/stack.cpp)
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- [RAII](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/RAII/RAII.cpp)
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- [自己动手，实现 C++ 的智能指针](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr)
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- [auto_ptr、scope_ptr](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr/auto_scope.cpp)
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- [unique_ptr](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr/unique_ptr.cpp)
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- [shared_ptr](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.cpp)
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- [右值和移动究竟解决了什么问题？](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference)
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- [左值与右值](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/reference.cpp)
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- [延长声明周期](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/lifetime.cpp)
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- [引用折叠](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/collapses.cpp)
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- [完美转发](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/forward.cpp)
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- [不要返回本地变量的引用](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/don'treturnReference.cpp)
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- [容器 1](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/container1)
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- [容器 2](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/container2)
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- [异常](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/exception)
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- [字面量、静态断言和成员函数说明符](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/literalAssert)
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- [是不是应该返回对象？](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/returnObj)
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- [编译期多态：泛型编程和模板入门](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/compilerpoly)
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- [译期能做些什么？一个完整的计算世界](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/compilercompute)
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- [SFINAE：不是错误的替换失败是怎么回事?](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/SFINAE)
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- [constexpr：一个常态的世界](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/constexpr)
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- [函数对象和 lambda：进入函数式编程](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/functionLambda)
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- [内存模型和 atomic：理解并发的复杂性](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/memorymodel_atomic)
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### 9.工具篇
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#### 9.1 [容器快捷输出工具](./tool/output)
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对吴老师的代码进行了修改，[点击此处直通代码](./tool/output/output_container.h)
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输入：
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```cpp
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map<int, int> mp{
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{1, 1},
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{2, 4},
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{3, 9}};
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cout << mp << endl;
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```
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输出结果显示：
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```cpp
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{ 1 => 1, 2 => 4, 3 => 9 }
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```
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#### 9.2 像 Python 一样简单输出（Jupyter Notebook）
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- [像 Python 一样玩 C/C++](./tool/像Python一样玩CC++.md)
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#### 9.3 观察编译过程变化
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- [https://cppinsights.io](https://cppinsights.io/)
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#### 9.4 C++ 的 Debug 工具 dbg-macro
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- [C++ 的 Debug 工具 dbg-macro](./tool/C++的Debug工具dbg-macro.md)
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#### 9.5 在 Linux 上的 Debug 工具 rr - 拥有回到过去的能力
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- [用 rr 来进行 debug](./tool/用rr来进行debug.md)
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### 10.拓展部分
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#### 10.1 一些问题
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- [C++ 中如何将 string 类型转换为 int 类型？](./extension/some_problem/string_int.md)
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### 11.贡献者
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| 贡献人 | 地址 |
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| ------- | ----------------------------- |
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| 光城 | https://github.com/Light-City |
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| ChungZH | https://github.com/ChungZH |
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| xliu79 | https://github.com/xliu79 |
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### 12.赞助我
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如果觉得不错，赞助我吧~
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th align="center" style="height=200 width="200">
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<img src="https://light-city.club/sc/assets/images/alipay.jpg" height="200" width="200" ><br>
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支付宝
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</th>
|
||
<th align="center" style="height=200 width="200">
|
||
<img src="https://light-city.club/sc/assets/images/wechat.png" height="200" width="200" ><br>
|
||
微信
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|