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Light-City
2020-04-06 00:57:02 +08:00
parent f97c156cc4
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26
practical_exercises/key_exercises/README.md Normal file
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## 重点实战练习
├── [中括号重载.cpp](中括号重载.cpp)
├── [时钟++运算符重载.cpp](时钟++运算符重载.cpp)
├── [运算符重载之强制转换.cpp](运算符重载之强制转换.cpp)
└── [重载圆括号的时钟.cpp](重载圆括号的时钟.cpp)
├── [函数模板.cpp](函数模板.cpp)
├── [动态数组.cpp](动态数组.cpp)
├── [字典插入与查找.cpp](字典插入与查找.cpp)
├── [异常捕获.cpp](异常捕获.cpp)
├── [类模板之栈.cpp](类模板之栈.cpp)
├── [类模板特化之数组.cpp](类模板特化之数组.cpp)
├── [继承与封装.cpp](继承与封装.cpp)
├── [读写文件综合题.cpp](读写文件综合题.cpp)
├── [输入输出运算符重载.cpp](输入输出运算符重载.cpp)
├── [输入输出重载.cpp](输入输出重载.cpp)
├── [输出格式.cpp](输出格式.cpp)

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practical_exercises/key_exercises/中括号重载.cpp Normal file
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//Eg8-9.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
struct Person{ //职工基本信息的结构
double salary;
char *name;
};
class SalaryManaege{
Person *employ; //存放职工信息的数组
int max; //数组下标上界
int n; //数组中的实际职工人数
public:
SalaryManaege(int Max=0){
max=Max;
n=0;
employ=new Person[max];
}
//返回引用特性是可以直接在放在左值，直接使用
double &operator[](char *Name) { //重载[]，返回引用
Person *p;
for(p=employ;p<employ+n;p++)
//如果存在处理
if(strcmp(p->name,Name)==0)
return p->salary;
//不存在情况处理
p=employ + n++;
p->name=new char[strlen(Name)+1];
strcpy(p->name,Name);
p->salary=0;
return p->salary;
}
void display(){
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
cout<<employ[i].name<<" "<<employ[i].salary<<endl;
}
};
int main(){
SalaryManaege s(3);
s["张三"]=2188.88;
s["里斯"]=1230.07;
s["王无"]=3200.97;
cout<<"张三\t"<<s["张三"]<<endl; cout<<"里斯\t"<<s["里斯"]<<endl;
cout<<"王无\t"<<s["王无"]<<endl;
cout<<"-------下为display的输出--------\n\n";
s.display();
system("pause");
}

19
practical_exercises/key_exercises/函数模板.cpp Normal file
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#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
template<class T> T compareMax(T t1,T t2){
return t1>t2?t1:t2;
}
template<> char* compareMax<char *>(char *s1,char *s2){
return strcmp(s1,s2)>=0?s1:s2;
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
cout<<compareMax(1,2)<<endl;
cout<<compareMax("asda","qweq")<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}

5
practical_exercises/key_exercises/动态数组.cpp Normal file
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#include<iostream>
char *sPtr; //存放字符串的指针
s="哈哈"
sPtr = new char[strlen(s)+1];
strncpy(sPtr,s;

78
practical_exercises/key_exercises/字典插入与查找.cpp Normal file
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#include<iostream>
#include<map>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
map<const char*,const char*> mp;
map<const char*,const char*>::iterator iter;
const char key[3][20]={"img","system","ip"};
const char value[3][20]={"d:/a.img","win7","193.68.6.3"};
//make_pair插入
for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
mp.insert(make_pair(key[i],value[i]));
}
//pair<const char*,const char*>插入
mp.insert(pair<const char*,const char*>(key[2],value[2]));
//数组插入方式
mp["addr"]="中国";
//迭代器取出元素
//循环取出元素
for(iter=mp.begin();iter!=mp.end();iter++){
cout<<iter->first<<"\t"<<iter->second<<endl;
}
char key1[20];
cout<<"请输入按key查找：";
cin.getline(key1,20);
//查找元素
for(iter=mp.begin();iter!=mp.end();iter++){
if(strcmp(iter->first,key1)==0){
cout<<iter->first<<"查找出来了！"<<"对应的值为："<<iter->second<<endl;
}
}
//第一种删除方式
//find只能用于查找数组建立的形式！并且不支持输入用cin等
iter=mp.find("addr");
if(iter!=mp.end()){
cout<<iter->first<<"按照key查找出来了！"<<"对应的value为："<<iter->second<<endl;
cout<<"开始删除元素！"<<endl;
mp.erase(iter);
// break;
}
//第二种方式删除
//按照key删除元素
char drop_key[20];
//按照value删除元素
char drop_value[20];
cout<<"请输入按key删除：";
cin.getline(drop_key,20);
cout<<"请输入按value删除：";
cin.getline(drop_value,20);
for(iter=mp.begin();iter!=mp.end();iter++){
if(strcmp(iter->first,drop_key)==0){
cout<<iter->first<<"按照key查找出来了！"<<"对应的value为："<<iter->second<<endl;
cout<<"开始删除元素！"<<endl;
mp.erase(iter);
break;
}
if(strcmp(iter->second,drop_value)==0){
cout<<iter->second<<"value查找出来了！"<<"对应的key为："<<iter->first<<endl;
cout<<"开始删除元素！"<<endl;
mp.erase(iter);
break;
}
}
cout<<"------删除元素以后--------\n";
//循环取出元素
for(iter=mp.begin();iter!=mp.end();iter++){
cout<<iter->first<<"\t"<<iter->second<<endl;
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}

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practical_exercises/key_exercises/异常捕获.cpp Normal file
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#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//函数异常可以抛出去由主函数来处理
void fun(int x){
try{
if (x==0)
throw "异常";
}catch(...){
cout<<"in fun"<<endl;
throw 1;
}
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
try{
fun(0);
}catch(int n){
cout<<"in main"<<endl;
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}

93
practical_exercises/key_exercises/时钟++运算符重载.cpp Normal file
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#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
/*
* 时钟类
*/
class Clock
{
private:
int Hour, Minute, Second;
public:
Clock(int h=0, int m=0, int s=0);
void ShowTime();
Clock& operator ++();
Clock operator ++(int);
};
/*
* 时钟类构造函数
*/
Clock::Clock(int h,int m, int s)
{
if(h>=0 && h<24 && m>=0 && m<60 && s>=0 && s<60)
{
Hour = h;
Minute =m;
Second= s;
}
else
cout<<"输入的时间格式错误!"<<endl;
}
/*
* 显示时间
*/
void Clock::ShowTime()
{
cout<<Hour<<":"<<Minute<<":"<<Second<<endl;
}
/*
* 时间递增一秒（重载前缀++运算符）
*/
Clock& Clock::operator ++()
{
Second++;
if (Second >= 60)
{
Second = Second - 60;
Minute++;
if (Minute >= 60)
{
Minute = Minute - 60;
Hour++;
Hour = Hour % 24;
}
}
return *this;
}
/*
* 时间递增一秒（重载后缀++运算符）
*/
Clock Clock::operator ++(int)
{
Clock old = *this;
++(*this);
return old;
}
/*
* 主函数
*/
int main()
{
Clock myClock(23,59,59);
cout<<"初始化显示时间为:\t\t";
myClock.ShowTime();
cout<<"执行myClock++后的时间为:\t";
//先执行ShowTime()，输出myClock=23:59:59，
//再执行myClock++，此时myClock=00:00:00
(myClock++).ShowTime();
cout<<"执行++myClock后的时间为:\t";
//先执行++myClock，此时myClock=00:00:01
//再执行ShowTime()，输出myClock=00:00:01
(++myClock).ShowTime();
system("pause");
}

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practical_exercises/key_exercises/类模板之栈.cpp Normal file
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#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template<typename T,int MAXSIZE>
class Stack{
public:
Stack(){}
void init(){
top=-1;
}
bool isFull(){
if(top>=MAXSIZE-1)
return true;
else
return false;
}
bool isEmpty(){
if(top==-1)
return true;
else
return false;
}
void push(T e);
T pop();
private:
T elems[MAXSIZE];
int top;
};
template<typename T,int MAXSIZE> void Stack<T,MAXSIZE>::push(T e){
if(!isFull()){
elems[++top]=e;
}
else{
cout<<"栈已满，请不要再加入元素！";
return;
}
}
template<typename T,int MAXSIZE> T Stack<T,MAXSIZE>::pop(){
if(!isEmpty()){
return elems[top--];
}
else{
cout<<"栈已空，请不要再弹出元素！";
return 0;
}
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
Stack<int,10> s1;
s1.init();
int i;
for(i=1;i<11;i++)
s1.push(i);
for(i=1;i<11;i++) cout<<s1.pop()<<"\t";
cout<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}

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practical_exercises/key_exercises/类模板特化之数组.cpp Normal file
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#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
#define MAXSIZE 5
template<class T>
class Array{
public:
Array(){
for(int i=0;i<MAXSIZE;i++){
array[i]=0;
}
}
T &operator[](int i);
void Sort();
private:
T array[MAXSIZE];
};
template<class T> T& Array<T>::operator[](int i){
if(i<0||i>MAXSIZE-1){
cout<<"Êý×éϱêÔ½½ç£¡"<<endl;
exit(0);
}
return array[i];
}
template<class T> void Array<T>::Sort(){
int p,j;
for(int i=0;i<MAXSIZE-1;i++){
p=i;
for(j=i+1;j<MAXSIZE;j++){
if(array[p]<array[j])
p=j;
}
T t;
t=array[i];
array[i]=array[p];
array[p]=t;
}
}
template<> void Array<char *>::Sort(){
int p,j;
for(int i=0;i<MAXSIZE-1;i++){
p=i;
for(j=i+1;j<MAXSIZE;j++){
if(strcmp(array[p],array[j])<0)
p=j;
}
char* t=array[i];
array[i]=array[p];
array[p]=t;
}
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
Array<int> a1;
Array<char*>b1;
a1[0]=1;a1[1]=23;a1[2]=6;
a1[3]=3; a1[4]=9;
a1.Sort();
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
cout<<a1[i]<<"\t";
cout<<endl;
b1[0]="x1"; b1[1]="ya"; b1[2]="ad";
b1[3]="be"; b1[4]="bc";
b1.Sort();
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
cout<<b1[i]<<"\t";
cout<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}

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practical_exercises/key_exercises/继承与封装.cpp Normal file
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#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
class Employee{
public:
Employee(const char *name,const char *id){
strcpy(Name,name);
strcpy(Id,id);
}
char* getName(){
return Name;
}
char* getId(){
return Id;
}
void display(){
cout<<Name<<"\t"<<Id<<endl;
}
private:
char Name[20];
char Id[20];
};
class Manager:public Employee{
public:
//直接调用构造方法传递，基类构造方法有参数，派生类必须通过构造方法，在初始化列表中传递参数
Manager(const char *name,const char *id,int week):Employee(name,id){
WeeklySalary=week*1000;
}
void display(){
cout<<"经理："<<getName()<<"\t"<<getId()<<"\t"<<WeeklySalary<<endl;
}
private:
int WeeklySalary;
};
class SaleWorker:public Employee{
public:
SaleWorker(const char*name,const char *id,int profit,int x):Employee(name,id){
workerMoney=baseMoney+x*0.05*profit;
}
void display(){
cout<<"销售员："<<getName()<<"\t"<<getId()<<"\t"<<workerMoney<<endl;
}
private:
float baseMoney=800.0;
float workerMoney;
};
class HourWorker:public Employee{
public:
HourWorker(const char*name,const char *id,int h):Employee(name,id){
TotalMoney=h*hourMoney;
}
void display(){
cout<<"小时工："<<getName()<<"\t"<<getId()<<"\t"<<TotalMoney<<endl;
}
private:
float hourMoney=100.0;
float TotalMoney;
};
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
cout<<"请输入工作周：";
int week;
cin>>week;
Manager m("小王","11111111",week);
m.display();
cout<<"请输入销售利润：";
int profit;
cin>>profit;
cout<<"请输入销售件数：";
int x;
cin>>x;
SaleWorker s("小李","222222",profit,x);
s.display();
cout<<"请输入工作小时：";
int hour;
cin>>hour;
HourWorker h("小何","333333",hour);
h.display();
system("pause");
return 0;
}

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practical_exercises/key_exercises/读写文件综合题.cpp Normal file
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#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<cstring>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
class Person{
public:
Person(){}
Person(char *name,char *id,int math,int chinese,int english){
strcpy(Name,name);
strcpy(Id,id);
Math=math;
Chinese=chinese;
English=english;
Sum=Math+Chinese+English;
}
void display(){
cout<<Name<<"\t"<<Id<<"\t"<<Math<<"\t"<<Chinese<<"\t"<<English<<"\t"<<Sum<<endl;
}
private:
char Name[20];
char Id[20];
int Math;
int Chinese;
int English;
int Sum;
};
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
char ch;
char Name[20],Id[20];
int Math,Chinese,English;
fstream ioFile;
ioFile.open("d:/per.dat",ios::out|ios::app);
cout<<"---------建立学生档案信息----------\n";
do{
cout<<"请输入姓名：";
cin>>Name;
cout<<"请输入身份证号：";
cin>>Id;
cout<<"请输入数学成绩：";
cin>>Math;
cout<<"请输入汉语成绩：";
cin>>Chinese;
cout<<"请输入英语成绩：";
cin>>English;
Person per(Name,Id,Math,Chinese,English);
ioFile.write((char *)&per,sizeof(per));
cout<<"您是否继续建档？(Y/y) ";
cin>>ch;
}while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y');
ioFile.close();
ioFile.open("d://per.dat",ios::in);
Person p;
ioFile.read((char*)&p,sizeof(p));
vector<Person> v;
vector<Person>::iterator vt;
while(!ioFile.eof()){
v.push_back(p);
ioFile.read((char*)&p,sizeof(p));
}
ioFile.close();
cout<<"---------输出档案信息-----------"<<endl;
for(vt=v.begin();vt!=v.end();vt++){
(*vt).display();
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}

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practical_exercises/key_exercises/输入输出运算符重载.cpp Normal file
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/*
有一销售人员类Sales，其数据成员有姓名name，身份证号id，年龄age。
重载输入/输出运算符实现对Sales类数据成员的输入和输出。
*/
#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
class Sales{
private:
char name[10];
char id[18];
int age;
public:
Sales(char *Name,char *ID,int Age);
friend Sales &operator<<(ostream &os,Sales &s); //重载输出运算符
friend Sales &operator>>(istream &is,Sales &s); //重载输入运算符
};
Sales::Sales(char *Name,char *ID,int Age) {
strcpy(name,Name);
strcpy(id,ID);
age=Age;
}
Sales& operator<<(ostream &os,Sales &s) {
os<<s.name<<"\t"; //输出姓名
os<<s.id<<"\t"; //输出身份证号
os<<s.age<<endl; //输出年龄
return s;
}
Sales &operator>>(istream &is,Sales &s) {
cout<<"输入雇员的姓名，身份证号，年龄"<<endl; is>>s.name>>s.id>>s.age;
return s;
}
void main(){
Sales s1("杜康","214198012111711",40); //L1
cout<<s1; //L2
cout<<endl; //L3
cin>>s1; //L4
cout<<s1; //L5
}

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practical_exercises/key_exercises/输入输出重载.cpp Normal file
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#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<cstring>
class Sales{
private:
char name[10];
char id[18];
int age;
public:
Sales(char *Name,char *ID,int Age);
friend Sales &operator<<(ostream &os,Sales &s);
friend Sales &operator>>(istream &is,Sales &s);
};
Sales::Sales(char *Name,char *ID,int Age){
strcpy(name,Name);
strcpy(id,ID);
age=Age;
}
Sales &operator<<(ostream&os,Sales &s){
os<<s.name<<"\t"<<s.id<<"\t"<<s.age<<endl;
return s;
}
Sales &operator>>(istream&is,Sales &s){
cout<<"输入雇员的姓名，身份证，年龄：\n";
is>>s.name>>s.id>>s.age;
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
Sales s("张三","15611",26);
cout<<s;
cin>>s;
cout<<s;
system("pause");
return 0;
}

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practical_exercises/key_exercises/输出格式.cpp Normal file
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#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
char s[20]="this is a string";
double digit=-36.96656;
cout<<setw(30)<<left<<setfill('*')<<s<<endl;
cout<<dec<<setprecision(4)<<digit<<endl;
cout<<dec<<15<<endl;
//setbase(int x)设置进制后，后面所有操作都是按照这个进制来计算！
cout<<setbase(10)<<15<<endl;
//四舍五入,并保留2位有效数组
float x=6.6937;
cout<<float(int(x*1000+0.5)/1000.0)<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}

35
practical_exercises/key_exercises/运算符重载之强制转换.cpp Normal file
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/*
有一个类Circle，设计该类的类型转换函数，当将Circle对象转换成int型时，返回圆的半径；当将它转换成double型时，就返回圆的周长；当将它转换成float型时，就返回圆的面积。
*/
/*
类型转换函数没有参数。
类型转换函数没有返回类型。
类型转换函数必须返回将要转换成的type类型数据。
*/
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Circle{
private:
double x,y,r;
public:
Circle(double x1,double y1,double r1){x=x1;y=y1;r=r1; }
operator int(){return int(r);}
operator double(){return 2*3.14*r;}
operator float(){return (float)3.14*r*r;}
};
int main(){
Circle c(2.3,3.4,2.5);
int r=c; //调用operator int()，将Circle类型转换成int
double length=c; //调用operator double()，转换成double
float area=c; //调用operator float()，将Circle类型转换成float
double len=(double) c; //将Cirlce类型对象强制转换成double
cout<<r<<endl;
cout<<length<<endl;
cout<<len<<endl;
cout<<area<<endl;
system("pause");
}

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practical_exercises/key_exercises/重载圆括号的时钟.cpp Normal file
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#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Time{
private:
int hh,mm,ss;
public:
Time(int h=0,int m=0,int s=0):hh(h),mm(m),ss(s){}
void operator()(int h,int m,int s) {
hh=h;
mm=m;
ss=s;
}
void ShowTime(){
cout<<hh<<":"<<mm<<":"<<ss<<endl;
}
};
int main(){
Time t1(12,10,11);
t1.ShowTime();
t1.operator()(23,20,34);
t1.ShowTime();
t1(10,10,10);
t1.ShowTime();
system("pause");
}