support bazel complie this project and format code.

.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,7 @@
 com.sh
+bazel-CPlusPlusThings
+bazel-bin
+bazel-out
+bazel-testlogs
+bazel-cplusplus_bazel
+.vscode

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+{
+    "files.associations": {
+        "iostream": "cpp",
+        "ostream": "cpp",
+        "__availability": "cpp",
+        "__config": "cpp",
+        "__string": "cpp",
+        "deque": "cpp",
+        "filesystem": "cpp",
+        "functional": "cpp",
+        "iterator": "cpp",
+        "ratio": "cpp",
+        "__bit_reference": "cpp",
+        "__bits": "cpp",
+        "__debug": "cpp",
+        "__errc": "cpp",
+        "__functional_base": "cpp",
+        "__hash_table": "cpp",
+        "__locale": "cpp",
+        "__mutex_base": "cpp",
+        "__node_handle": "cpp",
+        "__nullptr": "cpp",
+        "__split_buffer": "cpp",
+        "__threading_support": "cpp",
+        "__tree": "cpp",
+        "__tuple": "cpp",
+        "algorithm": "cpp",
+        "array": "cpp",
+        "atomic": "cpp",
+        "bit": "cpp",
+        "bitset": "cpp",
+        "cctype": "cpp",
+        "chrono": "cpp",
+        "cinttypes": "cpp",
+        "clocale": "cpp",
+        "cmath": "cpp",
+        "complex": "cpp",
+        "condition_variable": "cpp",
+        "cstdarg": "cpp",
+        "cstddef": "cpp",
+        "cstdint": "cpp",
+        "cstdio": "cpp",
+        "cstdlib": "cpp",
+        "cstring": "cpp",
+        "ctime": "cpp",
+        "cwchar": "cpp",
+        "cwctype": "cpp",
+        "exception": "cpp",
+        "fstream": "cpp",
+        "initializer_list": "cpp",
+        "iomanip": "cpp",
+        "ios": "cpp",
+        "iosfwd": "cpp",
+        "istream": "cpp",
+        "limits": "cpp",
+        "list": "cpp",
+        "locale": "cpp",
+        "map": "cpp",
+        "memory": "cpp",
+        "mutex": "cpp",
+        "new": "cpp",
+        "numeric": "cpp",
+        "optional": "cpp",
+        "queue": "cpp",
+        "regex": "cpp",
+        "set": "cpp",
+        "sstream": "cpp",
+        "stack": "cpp",
+        "stdexcept": "cpp",
+        "streambuf": "cpp",
+        "string": "cpp",
+        "string_view": "cpp",
+        "system_error": "cpp",
+        "tuple": "cpp",
+        "type_traits": "cpp",
+        "typeinfo": "cpp",
+        "unordered_map": "cpp",
+        "unordered_set": "cpp",
+        "utility": "cpp",
+        "vector": "cpp",
+        "any": "cpp",
+        "barrier": "cpp",
+        "*.tcc": "cpp",
+        "cfenv": "cpp",
+        "charconv": "cpp",
+        "codecvt": "cpp",
+        "compare": "cpp",
+        "concepts": "cpp",
+        "coroutine": "cpp",
+        "csetjmp": "cpp",
+        "csignal": "cpp",
+        "cuchar": "cpp",
+        "forward_list": "cpp",
+        "memory_resource": "cpp",
+        "random": "cpp",
+        "source_location": "cpp",
+        "future": "cpp",
+        "latch": "cpp",
+        "numbers": "cpp",
+        "ranges": "cpp",
+        "scoped_allocator": "cpp",
+        "semaphore": "cpp",
+        "shared_mutex": "cpp",
+        "span": "cpp",
+        "stop_token": "cpp",
+        "syncstream": "cpp",
+        "thread": "cpp",
+        "typeindex": "cpp",
+        "valarray": "cpp",
+        "variant": "cpp"
+    }
+}

README.md

@@ -155,15 +155,15 @@
 ├── [输入输出重载.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/输入输出重载.cpp)
 ├── [输出格式.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/输出格式.cpp)
 
-### 3.[C++2.0 新特性](./c++2.0)
+### 3.[C++2.0 新特性](./cpp2.0)
 
 #### 3.0 概况
 
 C++2.0 是一个简称，意为「现代 C++」，包括 C++11/14/17/20。
 
-#### 3.1 [C++11 新特性](./c++2.0/c++11)
+#### 3.1 [C++11 新特性](./cpp2.0/cpp11)
 
-- [Variadic Templates](./c++2.0/c++11/variadic)
+- [Variadic Templates](./cpp2.0/cpp11/variadic)
 
 - Spaces in Template Expressions
 
@@ -172,17 +172,17 @@ C++2.0 是一个简称，意为「现代 C++」，包括 C++11/14/17/20。
   vector<list<int>> // before c++ 11 error error: ‘>>’ should be ‘> >’ within a nested template argument list,c++11后可以正常通过
   ```
 
-- [nullptr and nullptr_t](./c++2.0/c++11/nullptr.cpp)
+- [nullptr and nullptr_t](./cpp2.0/cpp11/nullptr.cpp)
 
-- [Automatic Type Deduction with auto](./c++2.0/c++11/auto.cpp)
+- [Automatic Type Deduction with auto](./cpp2.0/cpp11/auto.cpp)
 
-- [Uniform Initialization ](./c++2.0/c++11/uniform_initialization.cpp)
+- [Uniform Initialization ](./cpp2.0/cpp11/uniform_initialization.cpp)
 
-- [initializer_list](./c++2.0/c++11/initializer.cpp)
+- [initializer_list](./cpp2.0/cpp11/initializer.cpp)
 
-- [explicit for ctors taking more than one argument](./c++2.0/c++11/explicit.cpp)
+- [explicit for ctors taking more than one argument](./cpp2.0/cpp11/explicit.cpp)
 
-- [range-based for statement](./c++2.0/c++11/auto.cpp)
+- [range-based for statement](./cpp2.0/cpp11/auto.cpp)
 
   ```cpp
   for(decl:col) {
@@ -190,33 +190,33 @@ C++2.0 是一个简称，意为「现代 C++」，包括 C++11/14/17/20。
   }
   ```
 
-- [=default,=delete](./c++2.0/c++11/default_delete.cpp)
+- [=default,=delete](./cpp2.0/cpp11/default_delete.cpp)
 
   如果你自行定义了一个 `ctor`, 那么编译器就不会给你一个 `default ctor`
   如果强制加上 `=default`, 就可以重新获得并使用 `default ctor`.
 
 - Alias(化名) Template (template typedef)
 
-  - [alias.cpp](./c++2.0/c++11/alias.cpp)
+  - [alias.cpp](./cpp2.0/cpp11/alias.cpp)
-  - [template_template.cpp](./c++2.0/c++11/template_template.cpp)
+  - [template_template.cpp](./cpp2.0/cpp11/template_template.cpp)
 
-- [template template parameter](./c++2.0/template_template.cpp)
+- [template template parameter](./cpp2.0/template_template.cpp)
 
-- [type alias](./c++2.0/c++11/type_alias.cpp)
+- [type alias](./cpp2.0/cpp11/type_alias.cpp)
 
-- [noexcept](./c++2.0/c++11/noexcept.cpp)
+- [noexcept](./cpp2.0/cpp11/noexcept.cpp)
 
-- [override](./c++2.0/c++11/override.cpp)
+- [override](./cpp2.0/cpp11/override.cpp)
 
-- [final](./c++2.0/c++11/final.cpp)
+- [final](./cpp2.0/cpp11/final.cpp)
 
-- [decltype](./c++2.0/c++11/decltype.cpp)
+- [decltype](./cpp2.0/cpp11/decltype.cpp)
 
-- [lambda](./c++2.0/c++11/lambda.cpp)
+- [lambda](./cpp2.0/cpp11/lambda.cpp)
 
-- [Rvalue reference](./c++2.0/c++11/rvalue.cpp)
+- [Rvalue reference](./cpp2.0/cpp11/rvalue.cpp)
 
-- [move aware class](./c++2.0/c++11/move.cpp)
+- [move aware class](./cpp2.0/cpp11/move.cpp)
 
 - 容器-结构与分类
 
@@ -224,9 +224,9 @@ C++2.0 是一个简称，意为「现代 C++」，包括 C++11/14/17/20。
   - (2) 关联式容器包括：`set/multiset`,`map/multimap`
   - (3) 无序容器(C++2.0 新引入,更换原先 `hash_xxx` 为 `unordered_xxx`)包括：`unordered_map/unordered_multimap,unordered_set/unordered_multiset`
 
-- [Hash Function](./c++2.0/c++11/hash.cpp)
+- [Hash Function](./cpp2.0/cpp11/hash.cpp)
 
-- [tuple](./c++2.0/c++11/tuple.cpp)
+- [tuple](./cpp2.0/cpp11/tuple.cpp)
 
   学习资料：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av51863195?from=search&seid=3610634846288253061
 
@@ -295,31 +295,31 @@ C++2.0 是一个简称，意为「现代 C++」，包括 C++11/14/17/20。
 
 #### 8.1 [极客时间《现代 C++ 实战 30 讲》](https://time.geekbang.org/channel/home)
 
-- [堆、栈、RAII：C++ 里该如何管理资源？](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/RAII)
+- [堆、栈、RAII：C++ 里该如何管理资源？](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/RAII)
   - [堆](./learn_class/modern_++_30/RAII/heap.cpp)
-  - [栈](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/RAII/stack.cpp)
+  - [栈](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/RAII/stack.cpp)
-  - [RAII](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/RAII/RAII.cpp)
+  - [RAII](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/RAII/RAII.cpp)
-- [自己动手，实现 C++ 的智能指针](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr)
+- [自己动手，实现 C++ 的智能指针](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/smart_ptr)
-  - [auto_ptr、scope_ptr](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr/auto_scope.cpp)
+  - [auto_ptr、scope_ptr](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/smart_ptr/auto_scope.cpp)
-  - [unique_ptr](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr/unique_ptr.cpp)
+  - [unique_ptr](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/smart_ptr/unique_ptr.cpp)
-  - [shared_ptr](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.cpp)
+  - [shared_ptr](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.cpp)
-- [右值和移动究竟解决了什么问题？](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference)
+- [右值和移动究竟解决了什么问题？](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference)
-  - [左值与右值](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/reference.cpp)
+  - [左值与右值](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/reference.cpp)
-  - [延长声明周期](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/lifetime.cpp)
+  - [延长声明周期](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/lifetime.cpp)
-  - [引用折叠](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/collapses.cpp)
+  - [引用折叠](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/collapses.cpp)
-  - [完美转发](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/forward.cpp)
+  - [完美转发](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/forward.cpp)
-  - [不要返回本地变量的引用](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/don'treturnReference.cpp)
+  - [不要返回本地变量的引用](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/don'treturnReference.cpp)
-- [容器 1](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/container1)
+- [容器 1](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/container1)
-- [容器 2](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/container2)
+- [容器 2](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/container2)
-- [异常](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/exception)
+- [异常](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/exception)
-- [字面量、静态断言和成员函数说明符](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/literalAssert)
+- [字面量、静态断言和成员函数说明符](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/literalAssert)
-- [是不是应该返回对象？](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/returnObj)
+- [是不是应该返回对象？](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/returnObj)
-- [编译期多态：泛型编程和模板入门](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/compilerpoly)
+- [编译期多态：泛型编程和模板入门](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/compilerpoly)
-- [译期能做些什么？一个完整的计算世界](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/compilercompute)
+- [译期能做些什么？一个完整的计算世界](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/compilercompute)
-- [SFINAE：不是错误的替换失败是怎么回事?](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/SFINAE)
+- [SFINAE：不是错误的替换失败是怎么回事?](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/SFINAE)
-- [constexpr：一个常态的世界](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/constexpr)
+- [constexpr：一个常态的世界](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/constexpr)
-- [函数对象和 lambda：进入函数式编程](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/functionLambda)
+- [函数对象和 lambda：进入函数式编程](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/functionLambda)
-- [内存模型和 atomic：理解并发的复杂性](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/memorymodel_atomic)
+- [内存模型和 atomic：理解并发的复杂性](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/memorymodel_atomic)
 
 ### 9.工具篇
 
@@ -376,20 +376,20 @@ map<int, int> mp{
 
 
 
-### 12.赞助我
+### 12.关注我
 
-如果觉得不错，赞助我吧~
+如果觉得不错，关注我吧~
 
 <table>
   <tbody>
     <tr>
       <th align="center" style="height=200 width="200">
-          <img src="https://light-city.club/sc/assets/images/alipay.jpg" height="200" width="200" ><br>
+          <img src="./img/cpp.jpg" height="200" width="200" ><br>
-          支付宝
+          星球
       </th>
       <th align="center" style="height=200 width="200">
-          <img src="https://light-city.club/sc/assets/images/wechat.png" height="200" width="200" ><br>
+          <img src="./img/wechat.jpg" height="200" width="200" ><br>
-          微信
+          微信公众号
       </th>
     </tr>
   </tbody>

README_EN.md

@@ -253,31 +253,31 @@ Learning materials: https://chenxiaowei.gitbook.io/cpp_concurrency_in_action/
 
 #### 6.1 [Chinese Name:极客时间《现代 C++ 实战 30 讲》](https://time.geekbang.org/channel/home)
 
-- [heap、stack、RAII：How to manage resources for C ++ ?](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/RAII)
+- [heap、stack、RAII：How to manage resources for C ++ ?](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/RAII)
   - [heap](./modern_++_30/RAII/heap.cpp)
-  - [stack](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/RAII/stack.cpp)
+  - [stack](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/RAII/stack.cpp)
-  - [RAII](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/RAII/RAII.cpp)
+  - [RAII](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/RAII/RAII.cpp)
-- [Implementing smart pointers for C ++](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr)
+- [Implementing smart pointers for C ++](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/smart_ptr)
-  - [auto_ptr、scope_ptr](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr/auto_scope.cpp)
+  - [auto_ptr、scope_ptr](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/smart_ptr/auto_scope.cpp)
-  - [unique_ptr](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr/unique_ptr.cpp)
+  - [unique_ptr](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/smart_ptr/unique_ptr.cpp)
-  - [shared_ptr](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.cpp)
+  - [shared_ptr](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.cpp)
-- [What exactly does r value and move solve？](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference)
+- [What exactly does r value and move solve？](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference)
-  - [L value and R value](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/reference.cpp)
+  - [L value and R value](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/reference.cpp)
-  - [Extend the declaration cycle](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/lifetime.cpp)
+  - [Extend the declaration cycle](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/lifetime.cpp)
-  - [Reference folding](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/collapses.cpp)
+  - [Reference folding](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/collapses.cpp)
-  - [Perfect forward](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/forward.cpp)
+  - [Perfect forward](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/forward.cpp)
-  - [Do not return Reference](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/don'treturnReference.cpp)
+  - [Do not return Reference](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/reference/don'treturnReference.cpp)
-- [Container 1](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/container1)
+- [Container 1](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/container1)
-- [Container 2](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/container2)
+- [Container 2](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/container2)
-- [Exception](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/exception)
+- [Exception](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/exception)
-- [Literal、Static Assertion And Member Function Specifier](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/literalAssert)
+- [Literal、Static Assertion And Member Function Specifier](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/literalAssert)
-- [Return Object？](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/returnObj)c
+- [Return Object？](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/returnObj)c
-- [Getting started with generic programming and templates](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/compilerpoly)
+- [Getting started with generic programming and templates](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/compilerpoly)
-- [A whole Compiler Compute World](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/compilercompute)
+- [A whole Compiler Compute World](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/compilercompute)
-- [SFINAE：What is it if it is not replace error?](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/SFINAE)
+- [SFINAE：What is it if it is not replace error?](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/SFINAE)
-- [constexpr：A Normal World](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/constexpr)
+- [constexpr：A Normal World](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/constexpr)
-- [Function object and Lambda：functionLambda](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/functionLambda)
+- [Function object and Lambda：functionLambda](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/functionLambda)
-- [Memory Model and Atomic：Understangding the complexity of concurrency](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/memorymodel_atomic)
+- [Memory Model and Atomic：Understangding the complexity of concurrency](./learn_class/modern_cpp_30/memorymodel_atomic)
 
 ### 7.Tools
 

basic_content/abstract/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# you can run some main program, just replace binary name
+# such as: `bazel run basic_content/abstract:interesting_facts1`
+#          `bazel run basic_content/abstract:interesting_facts2`
+# etc...
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
+# Don't panic if you get compilation errors, this is what this code demonstrates, as expected.
+cc_binary(
+    name = "interesting_facts1",
+    srcs = ["interesting_facts1.cpp"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "interesting_facts2",
+    srcs = ["interesting_facts2.cpp"],
+)
+
+# Don't panic if you get compilation errors, this is what this code demonstrates, as expected.
+cc_binary(
+    name = "interesting_facts3",
+    srcs = ["interesting_facts3.cpp"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "interesting_facts4",
+    srcs = ["interesting_facts4.cpp"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "interesting_facts5",
+    srcs = ["interesting_facts5.cpp"],
+)
+
+# Don't panic if you get compilation errors, this is what this code demonstrates, as expected.
+cc_binary(
+    name = "pure_virtual",
+    srcs = ["pure_virtual.cpp"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "derived_full",
+    srcs = ["derived_full.cpp"],
+)

basic_content/abstract/README.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ public:
 
 抽象类只能作为基类来派生新类使用，不能创建抽象类的对象,抽象类的指针和引用->由抽象类派生出来的类的对象！
 
-> 代码样例：[test.cpp](./test.cpp)、[pure_virtual.cpp](./pure_virtual.cpp)
+> 代码样例：[abstract_base.h](./abstract_base.h)、[pure_virtual.cpp](./pure_virtual.cpp)
 
 ## 2.实现抽象类
 

basic_content/abstract/abstract.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * @file abstract.cpp
- * @brief 抽象类中：在成员函数内可以调用纯虚函数，在构造函数/析构函数内部不能使用纯虚函数
+ * @brief
+ * 抽象类中：在成员函数内可以调用纯虚函数，在构造函数/析构函数内部不能使用纯虚函数
  * 如果一个类从抽象类派生而来，它必须实现了基类中的所有纯虚函数，才能成为非抽象类
  * @author 光城
  * @version v1

basic_content/abstract/abstract_base.h

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/**
+ * @file abstreact_base.cpp
+ * @brief
+ * C++中的纯虚函数(或抽象函数)是我们没有实现的虚函数！我们只需声明它!通过声明中赋值0来声明纯虚函数！
+ * 纯虚函数：没有函数体的虚函数
+ * @author 光城
+ * @version v1
+ * @date 2019-07-20
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief 抽象类
+ */
+class AbstractBase {
+  // Data members of class
+public:
+  // Pure Virtual Function
+  virtual void show() = 0;
+
+  /* Other members */
+};

basic_content/abstract/derived_full.cpp

@@ -9,23 +9,20 @@
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 
-class Base 
+class Base {
-{ 
   int x;
+
 public:
   virtual void fun() = 0;
   int getX() { return x; }
 };
 
-class Derived: public Base 
+class Derived : public Base {
-{ 
-    int y; 
 public:
   void fun() { cout << "fun() called"; } // 实现了fun()函数
 };
 
-int main(void) 
+int main(void) {
-{ 
   Derived d;
   d.fun();
   return 0;

basic_content/abstract/interesting_facts1.cpp

@@ -12,17 +12,15 @@ using namespace std;
 /**
  * @brief 抽象类至少包含一个纯虚函数
  */
-class Test 
+class Test {
-{ 
   int x;
+
 public:
   virtual void show() = 0;
   int getX() { return x; }
 };
 
-int main(void) 
+int main(void) {
-{ 
   Test t; // error! 不能创建抽象类的对象
   return 0;
 }
-

basic_content/abstract/interesting_facts2.cpp

@@ -9,30 +9,25 @@
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 
-
 /**
  * @brief 抽象类至少包含一个纯虚函数
  */
-class Base
+class Base {
-{ 
   int x;
+
 public:
   virtual void show() = 0;
   int getX() { return x; }
-    
 };
-class Derived: public Base 
+class Derived : public Base {
-{ 
 public:
   void show() { cout << "In Derived \n"; }
   Derived() {}
 };
-int main(void) 
+int main(void) {
-{ 
   // Base b;  //error! 不能创建抽象类的对象
   // Base *b = new Base(); error!
   Base *bp = new Derived(); // 抽象类的指针和引用 -> 由抽象类派生出来的类的对象
   bp->show();
   return 0;
 }
-

basic_content/abstract/interesting_facts3.cpp

@@ -9,21 +9,20 @@
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 
-class Base
+class Base {
-{ 
   int x;
+
 public:
   virtual void show() = 0;
   int getX() { return x; }
 };
-class Derived: public Base 
+class Derived : public Base {
-{ 
 public:
   //    void show() { }
 };
-int main(void) 
+int main(void) {
-{ 
+  Derived
-    Derived d;  //error! 派生类没有实现纯虚函数，那么派生类也会变为抽象类，不能创建抽象类的对象
+      d; // error!
+         // 派生类没有实现纯虚函数，那么派生类也会变为抽象类，不能创建抽象类的对象
   return 0;
 }
-

basic_content/abstract/interesting_facts4.cpp

@@ -10,25 +10,24 @@
 using namespace std;
 
 // An abstract class with constructor
-class Base 
+class Base {
-{ 
 protected:
   int x;
+
 public:
   virtual void fun() = 0;
   Base(int i) { x = i; }
 };
 
-class Derived: public Base 
+class Derived : public Base {
-{ 
   int y;
+
 public:
   Derived(int i, int j) : Base(i) { y = j; }
   void fun() { cout << "x = " << x << ", y = " << y; }
 };
 
-int main(void) 
+int main(void) {
-{ 
   Derived d(4, 5);
   d.fun();
   return 0;

basic_content/abstract/interesting_facts5.cpp

@@ -27,4 +27,3 @@ int main()  {
   delete Var;
   return 0;
 }
-

basic_content/abstract/pure_virtual.cpp

@@ -11,17 +11,15 @@
 #include <iostream>
 
 using namespace std;
-class A
+class A {
-{
 private:
   int a;
+
 public:
   virtual void show() = 0; // 纯虚函数
 };
 
-
+int main() {
-int main()
-{
   /*
    * 1. 抽象类只能作为基类来派生新类使用
    * 2. 抽象类的指针和引用->由抽象类派生出来的类的对象！

basic_content/abstract/test.cpp

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @file test.cpp
- * @brief C++中的纯虚函数(或抽象函数)是我们没有实现的虚函数！我们只需声明它!通过声明中赋值0来声明纯虚函数！
- * 纯虚函数：没有函数体的虚函数
- * @author 光城
- * @version v1
- * @date 2019-07-20
- */
-
-
-
-/**
- * @brief 抽象类
- */
-class Test 
-{    
-    // Data members of class 
-public: 
-    // Pure Virtual Function 
-    virtual void show() = 0; 
-
-    /* Other members */
-}; 

basic_content/assert/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# you can run some main program, just replace binary name
+# such as: `bazel run basic_content/assert:ignore_assert`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "ignore_assert",
+    srcs = ["ignore_assert.c"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "assert",
+    srcs = ["assert.c"],
+)

basic_content/assert/assert.c

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ int main()
     int x = 7; 
 
     /*  Some big code in between and let's say x  
-     *         is accidentally changed to 9  */
+     *  is accidentally changed to 9  
+     */
     x = 9; 
 
     // Programmer assumes x to be 7 in rest of the code 

basic_content/assert/ignore_assert.c

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include<assert.h>
 
 int main(){
-    int x=7;
     assert(x==5);
     return 0;
 }

basic_content/bit/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/bit:bit`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "bit",
+    srcs = ["bit.cpp"],
+)

basic_content/bit/README.md

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ struct stuff
 
 这里 stuff.field1 与 stuff.field2 之间有一个 2 Bits 的空隙，stuff.field3 则存储在下一个 unsigned int 中，该结构现在大小为 3 * 32 = 96 Bits。
 
-学习代码见：[learn.cpp](learn.cpp)
+学习代码见：[bit.cpp](bit.cpp)
 
 ## 位域的初始化和位的重映射
 

basic_content/bit/bit.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+struct stuff {
+  unsigned int field1 : 30;
+  unsigned int : 2;
+  unsigned int field2 : 4;
+  unsigned int : 0;
+  unsigned int field3 : 3;
+};
+int main() {
+  struct stuff s = {1, 3, 5};
+  cout << s.field1 << endl;
+  cout << s.field2 << endl;
+  cout << s.field3 << endl;
+  cout << sizeof(s) << endl;
+  return 0;
+}

basic_content/bit/learn.cpp

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#include<iostream>
-
-using namespace std;
-struct stuff 
-{
-    unsigned int field1: 30;
-    unsigned int       : 2;
-    unsigned int field2: 4;
-    unsigned int       : 0;
-    unsigned int field3: 3; 
-};
-int main(){
-    struct stuff s={1,3,5};
-    cout<<s.field1<<endl;
-    cout<<s.field2<<endl;
-    cout<<s.field3<<endl;
-    cout<<sizeof(s)<<endl;
-    return 0;
-}

basic_content/c_poly/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/c_poly:c_examp`
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/c_poly:c++_examp`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "c_examp",
+    srcs = ["c_examp.c"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "c++_examp",
+    srcs = ["c++_examp.cpp"],
+)

basic_content/c_poly/c++_examp.cpp

@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
 #include <iostream>
 
 using namespace std;
-class A
+class A {
-{
 public:
   virtual void f() //虚函数实现
   {
@@ -27,9 +26,7 @@ class B:public A    // 必须为共有继承，否则后面调用不到，class
   }
 };
 
-
+int main() {
-int main() 
-{
   A a; //基类对象
   B b; //派生类对象
 

basic_content/const/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/const:const_function`
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/const:const_num`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
+# Don't panic if you get compilation errors, this is what this code demonstrates, as expected.
+cc_binary(
+    name = "const_function",
+    srcs = ["const_function.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)
+
+# Don't panic if you get compilation errors, this is what this code demonstrates, as expected.
+cc_binary(
+    name = "const_num",
+    srcs = ["const_num.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)

basic_content/const/README.md

@@ -298,41 +298,42 @@ public:
     int getCount() const;
 
 };
-//main.cpp
+// apple.cpp
-#include<iostream>
-#include"apple.cpp"
-using namespace std;
-
 Apple::Apple(int i) : apple_number(i)
 {
-
 }
-int Apple::add(){
+int Apple::add(int num)
-    take(1);
+{
+    take(num);
     return 0;
 }
-int Apple::add(int num) const{
+int Apple::add(int num) const
+{
     take(num);
-    return num;
+    return 0;
 }
 void Apple::take(int num) const
 {
-    cout<<"take func "<<num<<endl;
+    std::cout << "take func " << num << std::endl;
 }
 int Apple::getCount() const
 {
     take(1);
-    add();  // error
+    //    add(); //error
     return apple_number;
 }
-int main(){
+int main()
+{
     Apple a(2);
     cout << a.getCount() << endl;
     a.add(10);
+    const Apple b(3);
+    b.add(100);
     return 0;
 }
+// main.cpp
 ```
-> 编译： g++ -o main main.cpp apple.cpp<br>
+> 编译：bazel run basic_content/const/class_const/first_example:main<br>
 
 此时报错，上面getCount()方法中调用了一个add方法，而add方法并非const修饰，所以运行报错。也就是说const成员函数只能访问const成员函数。
 

basic_content/const/class_const/c++11_example/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/const/class_const/c++11_example:main`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary", "cc_library")
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "apple",
+    srcs = ["apple.cpp"],
+    hdrs = ["apple.h"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "main",
+    srcs = ["main.cpp"],
+    deps = [
+        ":apple",
+    ],
+)

basic_content/const/class_const/c++11_example/apple.cpp

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
-class Apple
+#include "apple.h"
-{
+#include <iostream>
-private:
-    int people[100];
-public:
-    Apple(int i);
-    //使用c++11标准编译
-    static const int apple_number=10;
-    //const int apple_number=10;
-    void take(int num) const;
-    int add(int num);
-    int add(int num) const;
-    int getCount() const;
-};
 
+using namespace std;
+Apple::Apple(int i) {}
+int Apple::add(int num) {
+  take(num);
+  return 0;
+}
+int Apple::add(int num) const {
+  take(num);
+  return 0;
+}
+void Apple::take(int num) const { cout << "take func " << num << endl; }
+int Apple::getCount() const {
+  take(1);
+  //    add(); //error
+  return apple_number;
+}

basic_content/const/class_const/c++11_example/apple.h

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Apple {
+public:
+  Apple(int i);
+  // 使用c++11标准编译
+  static const int apple_number = 10;
+  // const int apple_number=10;
+  void take(int num) const;
+  int add(int num);
+  int add(int num) const;
+  int getCount() const;
+};

basic_content/const/class_const/c++11_example/main.cpp

@@ -1,26 +1,6 @@
+#include "apple.h"
 #include <iostream>
-#include"apple.cpp"
 using namespace std;
-Apple::Apple(int i)
-{
-
-}
-int Apple::add(int num){
-    take(num);
-}
-int Apple::add(int num) const{
-    take(num);
-}
-void Apple::take(int num) const
-{
-    cout<<"take func "<<num<<endl;
-}
-int Apple::getCount() const
-{
-    take(1);
-//    add(); //error
-    return apple_number;
-}
 int main() {
   Apple a(2);
   cout << a.getCount() << endl;

basic_content/const/class_const/first_example/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/const/class_const/first_example:main`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary", "cc_library")
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "apple",
+    srcs = ["apple.cpp"],
+    hdrs = ["apple.h"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "main",
+    srcs = ["main.cpp"],
+    deps = [
+        ":apple",
+    ],
+)

basic_content/const/class_const/first_example/apple.cpp

@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
-class Apple
+#include "apple.h"
-{
+#include <iostream>
-private:
-    int people[100];
-public:
-    Apple(int i);
-    const int apple_number;
-    void take(int num) const;
-    int add(int num);
-    int add(int num) const;
-    int getCount() const;
-};
 
+Apple::Apple(int i) : apple_number(i) {}
+int Apple::add(int num) {
+  take(num);
+  return 0;
+}
+int Apple::add(int num) const {
+  take(num);
+  return 0;
+}
+void Apple::take(int num) const {
+  std::cout << "take func " << num << std::endl;
+}
+int Apple::getCount() const {
+  take(1);
+  //    add(); //error
+  return apple_number;
+}

basic_content/const/class_const/first_example/apple.h

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Apple {
+public:
+  Apple(int i);
+  const int apple_number;
+  void take(int num) const;
+  int add(int num);
+  int add(int num) const;
+  int getCount() const;
+};

basic_content/const/class_const/first_example/main.cpp

@@ -1,27 +1,7 @@
+#include "apple.h"
 #include <iostream>
-#include"apple.cpp"
 using namespace std;
 
-Apple::Apple(int i):apple_number(i)
-{
-
-}
-int Apple::add(int num){
-    take(num);
-}
-int Apple::add(int num) const{
-    take(num);
-}
-void Apple::take(int num) const
-{
-    cout<<"take func "<<num<<endl;
-}
-int Apple::getCount() const
-{
-    take(1);
-//    add(); //error
-    return apple_number;
-}
 int main() {
   Apple a(2);
   cout << a.getCount() << endl;

basic_content/const/class_const/overload_example/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/const/class_const/overload_example:main`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary", "cc_library")
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "apple",
+    srcs = ["apple.cpp"],
+    hdrs = ["apple.h"],
+)
+
+# Don't panic if you get compilation errors, this is what this code demonstrates, as expected.
+cc_binary(
+    name = "main",
+    srcs = ["main.cpp"],
+    deps = [
+        ":apple",
+    ],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)

basic_content/const/class_const/overload_example/apple.cpp

@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
-class Apple
+#include "apple.h"
-{
+#include <iostream>
-private:
-    int people[100];
-public:
-    Apple(int i);
-    static const int apple_number;
-    void take(int num) const;
-    int add();
-    int add(int num) const;
-    int getCount() const;
-};
 
+int Apple::apple_number = 10;
+
+Apple::Apple(int i) { apple_number = i; }
+int Apple::add() {
+  take(1);
+  return 0;
+}
+int Apple::add(int num) const {
+  take(num);
+  return num;
+}
+void Apple::take(int num) const {
+  std::cout << "take func " << num << std::endl;
+}
+int Apple::getCount() const {
+  take(1);
+  add(); // error
+  return apple_number;
+}

basic_content/const/class_const/overload_example/apple.h

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Apple {
+public:
+  Apple(int i);
+  static int apple_number;
+  void take(int num) const;
+  int add();
+  int add(int num) const;
+  int getCount() const;
+};

basic_content/const/class_const/overload_example/main.cpp

@@ -1,33 +1,7 @@
+#include "apple.h"
 #include <iostream>
-#include"apple.cpp"
-using namespace std;
-const int Apple::apple_number=10;
-#include<iostream>
-#include"apple.cpp"
 using namespace std;
 
-Apple::Apple(int i):apple_number(i)
-{
-
-}
-int Apple::add(){
-    take(1);
-    return 0;
-}
-int Apple::add(int num) const{
-    take(num);
-    return num;
-}
-void Apple::take(int num) const
-{
-    cout<<"take func "<<num<<endl;
-}
-int Apple::getCount() const
-{
-    take(1);
-    add();  // error
-    return apple_number;
-}
 int main() {
   Apple a(2);
   cout << a.getCount() << endl;

basic_content/const/class_const/static_example/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/const/class_const/static_example:main`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary", "cc_library")
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "apple",
+    srcs = ["apple.cpp"],
+    hdrs = ["apple.h"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "main",
+    srcs = ["main.cpp"],
+    deps = [
+        ":apple",
+    ],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)

basic_content/const/class_const/static_example/apple.cpp

@@ -1,14 +1,22 @@
-class Apple
+#include "apple.h"
-{
+#include <iostream>
-private:
-    int people[100];
-public:
-    Apple(int i);
-    static int ap; //在类实现文件中定义并初始化
-    static const int apple_number;
-    void take(int num) const;
-    int add(int num);
-    int add(int num) const;
-    int getCount() const;
-};
 
+const int Apple::apple_number = 10;
+int Apple::ap = 666;
+Apple::Apple(int i) {}
+int Apple::add(int num) {
+  take(num);
+  return 0;
+}
+int Apple::add(int num) const {
+  take(num);
+  return 0;
+}
+void Apple::take(int num) const {
+  std::cout << "take func " << num << std::endl;
+}
+int Apple::getCount() const {
+  take(1);
+  //    add(); //error
+  return apple_number;
+}

basic_content/const/class_const/static_example/apple.h

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+class Apple {
+public:
+  Apple(int i);
+  static int ap; // 在类实现文件中定义并初始化
+  static const int apple_number;
+  void take(int num) const;
+  int add(int num);
+  int add(int num) const;
+  int getCount() const;
+};

basic_content/const/class_const/static_example/main.cpp

@@ -1,32 +1,9 @@
+#include "apple.h"
 #include <iostream>
-#include"apple.cpp"
-using namespace std;
-const int Apple::apple_number=10;
-int Apple::ap=666;
-Apple::Apple(int i)
-{
-
-}
-int Apple::add(int num){
-    take(num);
-}
-int Apple::add(int num) const{
-    take(num);
-}
-void Apple::take(int num) const
-{
-    cout<<"take func "<<num<<endl;
-}
-int Apple::getCount() const
-{
-    take(1);
-//    add(); //error
-    return apple_number;
-}
 int main() {
   Apple a(2);
-    cout<<a.getCount()<<endl;
+  std::cout << a.getCount() << std::endl;
-    cout<<a.ap<<endl;
+  std::cout << a.ap << std::endl;
   a.add(10);
   const Apple b(3);
   b.add(100);

basic_content/const/const_function.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,4 @@ void f(const int i){
   cout << i << endl;
 }
 
-int main(){
+int main() { f(1); }
-    f(1);
-}

basic_content/const/extern_const/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/const/extern_const:const_file1` and `# please run `bazel run basic_content/const/extern_const:file`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "const_file1",
+    srcs = ["const_file1.cpp", "const_file2.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "file",
+    srcs = ["file1.cpp", "file2.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)

basic_content/const/extern_const/const_file2.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,4 @@
  * execute: ./file
  */
 extern const int ext;
-int main(){
+int main() { std::cout << ext << std::endl; }
-
-    std::cout<<ext<<std::endl;
-}

basic_content/const/extern_const/file2.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,4 @@
  * execute: ./file
  */
 extern int ext;
-int main(){
+int main() { std::cout << (ext + 10) << std::endl; }
-
-    std::cout<<(ext+10)<<std::endl;
-}

basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition1/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition2:condition1`
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition2:condition2`
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition2:condition3`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
+# Don't panic if you get compilation errors, this is what this code demonstrates, as expected.
+cc_binary(
+    name = "condition1",
+    srcs = ["condition1.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)
+
+# Don't panic if you get compilation errors, this is what this code demonstrates, as expected.
+cc_binary(
+    name = "condition2",
+    srcs = ["condition2.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "condition3",
+    srcs = ["condition3.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)

basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition1/condition1.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 
-
 int main() {
   const int *ptr;
   *ptr = 10; // error

basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition1/condition2.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 
-
 int main() {
   const int p = 10;
   const void *vp = &p;

basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition1/condition3.cpp

@@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ int main(){
   int *ptr1 = &val;
   *ptr1 = 4;
   cout << *ptr << endl;
-
 }

basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition2/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition2:condition1`
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition2:condition2`
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition2:condition3`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "condition1",
+    srcs = ["condition1.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)
+
+# Don't panic if you get compilation errors, this is what this code demonstrates, as expected.
+cc_binary(
+    name = "condition2",
+    srcs = ["condition2.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "condition3",
+    srcs = ["condition3.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)

basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition2/condition1.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 int main() {
-
   int num = 0;
   int *const ptr = &num; // const指针必须初始化！且const指针的值不能修改
   int *t = &num;

basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition2/condition2.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 int main() {
-
   const int num = 0;
   int *const ptr = &num; // error! const int* -> int*
   cout << *ptr << endl;

basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition2/condition3.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 int main() {
-
   const int num = 10;
   const int *const ptr = &num; // error! const int* -> int*
   cout << *ptr << endl;

basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition3/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition3:condition1`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
+# Don't panic if you get compilation errors, this is what this code demonstrates, as expected.
+cc_binary(
+    name = "condition1",
+    srcs = ["condition1.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)

basic_content/const/funciton_const/condition3/condition1.cpp

@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@
 using namespace std;
 
 int main() {
-
   const int p = 3;
   const int *const ptr = &p;
   cout << *ptr << endl;
-
 }

basic_content/decltype/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/decltype:decltype`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "decltype",
+    srcs = ["decltype.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)

basic_content/decltype/decltype.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,3 @@
-/**
- * @file decltype.cpp
- * @brief g++ -o decltype decltype.cpp -std=c++11
- * @author 光城
- * @version v1
- * @date 2019-08-08
- */
-
 #include <iostream>
 #include <vector>
 using namespace std;
@@ -14,13 +6,11 @@ using namespace std;
  */
 template <typename T>
 
-auto multiply(T x, T y)->decltype(x*y)
+auto multiply(T x, T y) -> decltype(x * y) {
-{
   return x * y;
 }
 
-int main()
+int main() {
-{
   int nums[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
   vector<int> vec(nums, nums + 4);
   vector<int>::iterator it;
@@ -29,14 +19,12 @@ int main()
     cout << *it << " ";
   cout << endl;
 
-
   using nullptr_t = decltype(nullptr);
   nullptr_t nu;
   int *p = NULL;
   if (p == nu)
     cout << "NULL" << endl;
 
-
   typedef decltype(vec.begin()) vectype;
 
   for (vectype i = vec.begin(); i != vec.end(); i++)
@@ -46,15 +34,14 @@ int main()
   /**
    * 匿名结构体
    */
-    struct
+  struct {
-    {
     int d;
     double b;
   } anon_s;
 
-    decltype(anon_s) as; // 定义了一个上面匿名的结构体
+  decltype(anon_s) as{1, 2.0}; // 定义了一个上面匿名的结构体
 
-    cout<<multiply(11,2)<<endl;
+  cout << multiply(11, 2) << ":" << as.b << endl;
 
   return 0;
 }

basic_content/enum/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/enum:classic_practice`
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/enum:tradition_color`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "classic_practice",
+    srcs = ["classic_practice.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)
+
+# Don't panic if you get compilation errors, this is what this code demonstrates, as expected.
+cc_binary(
+    name = "tradition_color",
+    srcs = ["tradition_color.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)

basic_content/enum/README.md

@@ -15,14 +15,22 @@
 - 作用域不受限,会容易引起命名冲突。例如下面无法编译通过的：
 
 ```c++
-#include <iostream>
+enum Color
-using namespace std;
+{
-
+    RED,
-enum Color {RED,BLUE};
+    BLUE
-enum Feeling {EXCITED,BLUE};
+};
+enum Feeling
+{
+    EXCITED,
+    BLUE
+};
 
 int main()
 {
+    Color a = BLUE; // error
+    Feeling b = EXCITED;
+    std::cout << a << ":" << b << std::endl;
     return 0;
 }
 ```

basic_content/enum/classic_practice.cpp

@@ -1,24 +1,10 @@
-/**
- * @file classic_practice.cpp
- * @brief g++ -o classic_practice classic_practice.cpp -std=c++11
- * @author 光城
- * @version v1
- * @date 2019-08-07
- */
-
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 /**
  * @brief namespace解决作用域不受限
  */
-namespace Color 
+namespace Color {
-{
+enum Type { RED = 15, YELLOW, BLUE };
-    enum Type
-    {
-        RED=15,
-        YELLOW,
-        BLUE
-    };
 };
 
 /**
@@ -32,38 +18,22 @@ namespace Color
  * 这里用结构体而非类，一是因为本身希望这些常量可以公开访问，
  * 二是因为它只包含数据没有成员函数。
  */
-struct Color1
+struct Color1 {
-{
+  enum Type { RED = 102, YELLOW, BLUE };
-    enum Type
-    {
-        RED=102,
-        YELLOW,
-        BLUE
-    };
 };
 
 /**
  * @brief C++11的枚举类
  * 下面等价于enum class Color2:int
  */
-enum class Color2
+enum class Color2 { RED = 2, YELLOW, BLUE };
-{
-    RED=2,
-    YELLOW,
-    BLUE
-};
 
 enum class Color3 : char; // 前向声明
 
 // 定义
-enum class Color3:char 
+enum class Color3 : char { RED = 'r', BLUE };
-{
-    RED='r',
-    BLUE
-};
 
-int main() 
+int main() {
-{
   // 定义新的枚举变量
   Color::Type c = Color::RED;
   cout << c << endl;

basic_content/enum/tradition_color.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ using namespace std;
 enum Color { RED, BLUE };
 enum Feeling { EXCITED, BLUE };
 
-int main() 
+int main() {
-{
+  Color a = BLUE; // error
+  Feeling b = EXCITED;
+  std::cout << a << ":" << b << std::endl;
   return 0;
 }

basic_content/explicit/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/explicit:explicit`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
+# Don't panic if you get compilation errors, this is what this code demonstrates, as expected.
+cc_binary(
+    name = "explicit",
+    srcs = ["explicit.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)

basic_content/explicit/explicit.cpp

@@ -2,14 +2,12 @@
 
 using namespace std;
 
-struct A
+struct A {
-{
   A(int) {}
   operator bool() const { return true; }
 };
 
-struct B
+struct B {
-{
   explicit B(int) {}
   explicit operator bool() const { return true; }
 };
@@ -18,28 +16,35 @@ void doA(A a) {}
 
 void doB(B b) {}
 
-int main()
+int main() {
-{
   A a1(1);     // OK：直接初始化
   A a2 = 1;    // OK：复制初始化
   A a3{1};     // OK：直接列表初始化
   A a4 = {1};  // OK：复制列表初始化
   A a5 = (A)1; // OK：允许 static_cast 的显式转换
   doA(1);      // OK：允许从 int 到 A 的隐式转换
-    if (a1);        // OK：使用转换函数 A::operator bool() 的从 A 到 bool 的隐式转换
+  if (a1)
+    ; // OK：使用转换函数 A::operator bool() 的从 A 到 bool 的隐式转换
   bool a6(a1); // OK：使用转换函数 A::operator bool() 的从 A 到 bool 的隐式转换
   bool a7 = a1; // OK：使用转换函数 A::operator bool() 的从 A 到 bool 的隐式转换
   bool a8 = static_cast<bool>(a1); // OK ：static_cast 进行直接初始化
 
   B b1(1);     // OK：直接初始化
-//    B b2 = 1;        // 错误：被 explicit 修饰构造函数的对象不可以复制初始化
+               //    B b2 = 1;        // 错误：被 explicit
+               //    修饰构造函数的对象不可以复制初始化
   B b3{1};     // OK：直接列表初始化
-//    B b4 = { 1 };        // 错误：被 explicit 修饰构造函数的对象不可以复制列表初始化
+               //    B b4 = { 1 };        // 错误：被 explicit
+               //    修饰构造函数的对象不可以复制列表初始化
   B b5 = (B)1; // OK：允许 static_cast 的显式转换
-//    doB(1);            // 错误：被 explicit 修饰构造函数的对象不可以从 int 到 B 的隐式转换
+               //    doB(1);            // 错误：被 explicit
-    if (b1);        // OK：被 explicit 修饰转换函数 B::operator bool() 的对象可以从 B 到 bool 的按语境转换
+               //    修饰构造函数的对象不可以从 int 到 B 的隐式转换
-    bool b6(b1);        // OK：被 explicit 修饰转换函数 B::operator bool() 的对象可以从 B 到 bool 的按语境转换
+  if (b1)
-//    bool b7 = b1;        // 错误：被 explicit 修饰转换函数 B::operator bool() 的对象不可以隐式转换
+    ; // OK：被 explicit 修饰转换函数 B::operator bool() 的对象可以从 B 到 bool
+      // 的按语境转换
+  bool b6(b1); // OK：被 explicit 修饰转换函数 B::operator bool() 的对象可以从 B
+               // 到 bool 的按语境转换
+               //    bool b7 = b1;        // 错误：被 explicit 修饰转换函数
+               //    B::operator bool() 的对象不可以隐式转换
   bool b8 = static_cast<bool>(b1); // OK：static_cast 进行直接初始化
 
   return 0;

basic_content/extern/README.md

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ extern "C" {
     #include "add.h"
 }
 int main() {
-    add(2,3);
+    std::cout << add(2, 3) << std::endl;
     return 0;
 }
 ```
@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@ gcc -c add.c
 g++ add.cpp add.o -o main
 ```
 
+如果使用bazel编译，运行:`bazel run basic_content/extern/extern_c++:main`
+
 而通常为了C代码能够通用，即既能被C调用，又能被C++调用，头文件通常会有如下写法：
 
 ```c

basic_content/extern/extern_c++/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/extern/extern_c++:main`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary", "cc_library")
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "add",
+    srcs = ["add.c"],
+    hdrs = ["add.h"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "main",
+    srcs = ["add.cpp"],
+    deps = [":add"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)

basic_content/extern/extern_c++/add.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "add.h"
 }
 int main() {
-    add(2,3);
+  std::cout << add(2, 3) << std::endl;
   return 0;
 }

basic_content/extern/extern_c/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/extern/extern_c:main`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary", "cc_library")
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "add",
+    srcs = ["add.cpp"],
+    hdrs = ["add.h"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "main",
+    srcs = ["add.c"],
+    deps = [":add"],
+)

basic_content/extern/extern_c/add.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
 #include "add.h"
 
-int add(int x,int y) {
+int add(int x, int y) { return x + y; }
-    return x+y;
-}

basic_content/friend/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/friend:friend_class`
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/friend:friend_func`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "friend_class",
+    srcs = ["friend_class.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "friend_func",
+    srcs = ["friend_func.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)

basic_content/friend/friend_class.cpp

@@ -2,25 +2,21 @@
 
 using namespace std;
 
-class A
+class A {
-{
 public:
   A(int _a) : a(_a){};
   friend class B;
+
 private:
   int a;
 };
 
-class B
+class B {
-{
 public:
-    int getb(A ca) {
+  int getb(A ca) { return ca.a; };
-        return  ca.a; 
-    };
 };
 
-int main() 
+int main() {
-{
   A a(3);
   B b;
   cout << b.getb(a) << endl;

basic_content/friend/friend_func.cpp

@@ -1,17 +1,8 @@
-/**
- * @file friend_func.cpp
- * @brief 友元函数
- * @author 光城
- * @version v1
- * @date 2019-08-06
- */
-
 #include <iostream>
 
 using namespace std;
 
-class A
+class A {
-{
 public:
   A(int _a) : a(_a){};
   friend int geta(A &ca); ///< 友元函数
@@ -19,13 +10,9 @@ private:
   int a;
 };
 
-int geta(A &ca) 
+int geta(A &ca) { return ca.a; }
-{
-    return ca.a;
-}
 
-int main()
+int main() {
-{
   A a(3);
   cout << geta(a) << endl;
 

basic_content/func_pointer/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/func_pointer:func_pointer`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "func_pointer",
+    srcs = ["func_pointer.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)

basic_content/func_pointer/func_pointer.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
 using namespace std;
 
 /**
- * @brief 定义了一个变量pFun，这个变量是个指针，指向返回值为空和参数为int的函数的指针！
+ * @brief
+ * 定义了一个变量pFun，这个变量是个指针，指向返回值为空和参数为int的函数的指针！
  */
 void (*pFun)(int);
 
@@ -19,10 +20,7 @@ void (*pFun)(int);
  */
 typedef void (*func)(void);
 
-void myfunc(void)
+void myfunc(void) { cout << "asda" << endl; }
-{
-    cout<<"asda"<<endl;
-}
 
 void glFun(int a) { cout << a << endl; }
 int main() {

basic_content/inline/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/inline:inline_virtual`
+# please run `bazel run basic_content/inline:main`
+load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_binary", "cc_library")
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "inline",
+    hdrs = ["inline.h"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "inline_virtual",
+    srcs = ["inline_virtual.cpp"],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "main",
+    srcs = ["inline.cpp"],
+    deps = [
+        ":inline",
+    ],
+    copts = ["-std=c++11"]
+)

basic_content/inline/README.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ public:
     {
     
     };
-    void f1(int x); ///< 声明后，要想成为内联函数，必须在定义处加inline关键字。  
+    void f2(int x); ///< 声明后，要想成为内联函数，必须在定义处加inline关键字。  
 };
 ```
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ int main()
     delete ptr;
     ptr = nullptr;
 
-    system("pause");
+    
     return 0;
 } 
 ```

basic_content/inline/inline.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-#include <iostream>
 #include "inline.h"
-
+#include <iostream>
-
 
 using namespace std;
 
 /**
- * @brief inline要起作用,inline要与函数定义放在一起,inline是一种“用于实现的关键字,而不是用于声明的关键字”
+ * @brief
+ * inline要起作用,inline要与函数定义放在一起,inline是一种“用于实现的关键字,而不是用于声明的关键字”
  *
  * @param x
  * @param y
@@ -19,18 +18,12 @@ inline int Foo(int x,int y) // 函数定义
   return x + y;
 }
 
-
-
 // 定义处加inline关键字，推荐这种写法！
-inline void A::f1(int x){
+inline void A::f1(int x) {}
-
-
-}
-
-
 
 /**
- * @brief 内联能提高函数效率，但并不是所有的函数都定义成内联函数！内联是以代码膨胀(复制)为代价，仅仅省去了函数调用的开销，从而提高函数的执行效率。
+ * @brief
+ * 内联能提高函数效率，但并不是所有的函数都定义成内联函数！内联是以代码膨胀(复制)为代价，仅仅省去了函数调用的开销，从而提高函数的执行效率。
  * 如果执行函数体内代码的时间相比于函数调用的开销较大，那么效率的收货会更少！另一方面，每一处内联函数的调用都要复制代码，将使程序的总代码量增大，消耗更多的内存空间。
  * 以下情况不宜用内联：
  *  （1） 如果函数体内的代码比较长，使得内联将导致内存消耗代价比较高。
@@ -38,20 +31,12 @@ inline void A::f1(int x){
  *
  * @return
  */
-int main()
+int main() { cout << Foo(1, 2) << endl; }
-{
-
-    
-    cout<<Foo(1,2)<<endl;
-
-}
 /**
  * 编译器对 inline 函数的处理步骤
  * 将 inline 函数体复制到 inline 函数调用点处；
  * 为所用 inline 函数中的局部变量分配内存空间；
  * 将 inline 函数的的输入参数和返回值映射到调用方法的局部变量空间中；
- * 如果 inline 函数有多个返回点，将其转变为 inline 函数代码块末尾的分支（使用 GOTO）。
+ * 如果 inline 函数有多个返回点，将其转变为 inline 函数代码块末尾的分支（使用
+ * GOTO）。
  */
-
-
-

basic_content/inline/inline.h

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-
+#pragma once
-class A
+class A {
-{
 public:
   void f1(int x);
 
   /**
-     * @brief 类中定义了的函数是隐式内联函数,声明要想成为内联函数，必须在实现处(定义处)加inline关键字。
+   * @brief
+   * 类中定义了的函数是隐式内联函数,声明要想成为内联函数，必须在实现处(定义处)加inline关键字。
    *
    * @param x
    * @param y
@@ -14,6 +14,5 @@ public:
       {
 
       };
-    void f1(int x); ///< 声明后，要想成为内联函数，必须在定义处加inline关键字。
+  void f2(int x); ///< 声明后，要想成为内联函数，必须在定义处加inline关键字。
-    
 };

basic_content/inline/inline_virtual.cpp

@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
-class Base
+class Base {
-{
 public:
-        inline virtual void who()
+  inline virtual void who() { cout << "I am Base\n"; }
-        {
-            cout << "I am Base\n";
-        }
   virtual ~Base() {}
 };
-class Derived : public Base
+class Derived : public Base {
-{
 public:
   inline void who() // 不写inline时隐式内联
   {
@@ -18,9 +13,9 @@ class Derived : public Base
   }
 };
 
-int main()
+int main() {
-{
+  // 此处的虚函数
-    // 此处的虚函数 who()，是通过类（Base）的具体对象（b）来调用的，编译期间就能确定了，所以它可以是内联的，但最终是否内联取决于编译器。 
+  // who()，是通过类（Base）的具体对象（b）来调用的，编译期间就能确定了，所以它可以是内联的，但最终是否内联取决于编译器。
   Base b;
   b.who();
 
@@ -28,7 +23,8 @@ int main()
   Base *ptr = new Derived();
   ptr->who();
 
-    // 因为Base有虚析构函数（virtual ~Base() {}），所以 delete 时，会先调用派生类（Derived）析构函数，再调用基类（Base）析构函数，防止内存泄漏。
+  // 因为Base有虚析构函数（virtual ~Base() {}），所以 delete
+  // 时，会先调用派生类（Derived）析构函数，再调用基类（Base）析构函数，防止内存泄漏。
   delete ptr;
 
   return 0;