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# C++ 那些事
# Stories About C Plus Plus
Thanks for all the support about << Stories About C ++ >>, right now you could open this link(https://light-city.club/sc/) to read this article.
Any star, retweet or pr will be weclomed.
感谢各位对《C++ 那些事》的支持，现将内容也同步至网站，可以打开网站直接阅读~欢迎大家 star、转发、PR。
[直通点](https://light-city.club/sc/)
https://light-city.club/sc/
-----------------------
### 关于作者
### 0. Directory
公众号已开放两大入口，分别是专辑与菜单，可以直接在微信公众号上阅读《C++那些事》内容，配上该仓库的代码，将会非常的爽，建议大家关注一波。
- Chinese version：**C++ 那些事**
- English version：**Stories About C Plus Plus**
个人公众号：guangcity
This repository meets the need of people who wants to really know about C++, and may help you in the interview. Besides, it also provides
other details,such as in-depth source code analysis and multi-threaded concurrency. It is a comprehensive C ++ repository from entry to advanced improvement
![](https://light-city.club/sc/assets/images/wechat.jpg)
### 1.Foundation
欢迎大家反馈及C++交流，本人在微信创建了C++那些事交流群，优质的C++资源交流区，期待大家关注上面公众号，点击公众号右下角->联系我，拉你入群。
- [Stories About const](./basic_content/const)
- [Stories About static](./basic_content/static)
- [Stories about this](./basic_content/this)
- [Stories About inline](./basic_content/inline)
- [Stories About sizeof](./basic_content/sizeof)
- [Stories About pointer of function](./basic_content/func_pointer)
- [Stories About pure virtual function and abstract](./basic_content/abstract)
- [Stories About vptr_vtable](./basic_content/vptr_vtable)
- [Stories About virtual](./basic_content/virtual)
- [Stories About volatile](./basic_content/volatile)
- [Stories About assert](./basic_content/assert)
- [Stories About bit](./basic_content/bit)
- [Stories About extern](./basic_content/extern)
- [Stories About struct](./basic_content/struct)
- [Stories About struct and class](./basic_content/struct_class)
- [Stories About union](./basic_content/union)
- [Stories About polymorphism](./basic_content/c_poly)
- [Stories About explicit](./basic_content/explicit)
- [Stories About friend](./basic_content/friend)
- [Stories About using](./basic_content/using)
- [Stories About :: ](./basic_content/maohao)
- [Stories About enum](./basic_content/enum)
- [Stories About decltype](./basic_content/decltype)
- [Stories About pointer_refer](./basic_content/pointer_refer)
- [Stories About macro](./basic_content/macro)
---
### 2.Code Samples
#### 2.1 10 Days Practice
- [x] day1
### 项目运行
Basic Grammar About C ++
- [x] day2
- **代码环境**
Recursive、Structor、Enumerate、Static Variable
Ubuntu 18.04
- [x] day3
- **工具**
Function
CLion gcc/g++
- [x] day4
尽量用g++，因为一开始我用的vim写的，所以纯g++，后来用编译器CLion，部分有CMakeLists.txt文件，直接导入就行，后面会更新这个文件包含整个项目，持续关注~
Thorough About Function
### 0.项目概要
- [x] day5
- 中文名：**C++ 那些事**
- 英文名：**Stories About C Plus Plus**
Inheritance and Polymorphism
这是一个适合初学者从<u>**入门到进阶**</u>的仓库，解决了<u>**面试者与学习者**</u>想要<u>**深入 C++**</u>及如何<u>**入坑 C++**</u>的问题。除此之外，本仓库拓展了更加深入的源码分析，多线程并发等的知识，是一个比较全面的 C++ 学习从入门到进阶提升的仓库。
- [x] day6
### 1.基础进阶
Vitrual Function、Abstruct
- [const 那些事](./basic_content/const)
- [static 那些事](./basic_content/static)
- [this 那些事](./basic_content/this)
- [inline 那些事](./basic_content/inline)
- [sizeof 那些事](./basic_content/sizeof)
- [函数指针那些事](./basic_content/func_pointer)
- [纯虚函数和抽象类那些事](./basic_content/abstract)
- [vptr_vtable 那些事](./basic_content/vptr_vtable)
- [virtual 那些事](./basic_content/virtual)
- [volatile 那些事](./basic_content/volatile)
- [assert 那些事](./basic_content/assert)
- [位域那些事](./basic_content/bit)
- [extern 那些事](./basic_content/extern)
- [struct 那些事](./basic_content/struct)
- [struct 与 class 那些事](./basic_content/struct_class)
- [union 那些事](./basic_content/union)
- [c 实现 c++ 多态那些事](./basic_content/c_poly)
- [explicit 那些事](./basic_content/explicit)
- [friend 那些事](./basic_content/friend)
- [using 那些事](./basic_content/using)
- [:: 那些事](./basic_content/maohao)
- [enum 那些事](./basic_content/enum)
- [decltype 那些事](./basic_content/decltype)
- [引用与指针那些事](./basic_content/pointer_refer)
- [宏那些事](./basic_content/macro)
- [x] day7
### 2.实战系列
Operator overloading
#### 2.1 [10日狂练](./practical_exercises/10_day_practice)
- [x] day8
- [x] [day1](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day1)
Template And STL
基本c++语法
- [x] day9
- [x] [day2](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day2)
Exception
递归、结构体、枚举、静态变量等
- [x] day10
- [x] [day3](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day3)
File And Stream
函数
#### 2.2 Practical Exercises
- [x] [day4](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day4)
├── [Square brackets overload .cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/中括号重载.cpp)
├── [Clock++operator overloading.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/时钟++运算符重载.cpp)
├── [Mandatory conversion of operator overloading.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/运算符重载之强制转换.cpp)
└── [Clock with overloaded parenthesis.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/重载圆括号的时钟.cpp)
函数深入
├── [Template of Function.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/函数模板.cpp)
- [x] [day5](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day5)
├── [Dynamic array.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/动态数组.cpp)
继承多态
├── [Dictionary insertion and search.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/字典插入与查找.cpp)
- [x] [day6](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day6)
├── [Catch Exception.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/异常捕获.cpp)
虚函数、抽象类
├── [Template of Stack.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/类模板之栈.cpp)
- [x] [day7](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day7)
├── [Template of Array.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/类模板特化之数组.cpp)
运算符重载
├── [Inheritance And Package.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/继承与封装.cpp)
- [x] [day8](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day8)
├── [Read And Write files.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/读写文件综合题.cpp)
├── [Operator Overloading About Input and Output.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/输入输出运算符重载.cpp)
├── [Input And Output Overloading.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/输入输出重载.cpp)
├── [Input Format.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/输出格式.cpp)
模板与STL
### 2.[C++2.0 New Features](./c++2.0)
- [x] [day9](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day9)
#### 2.0 Overview
异常
C++2.0 is an Abbreviation, meaning「modern C++」，including C++11/14/17/20.
- [x] [day10](practical_exercises/10_day_practice/day10)
文件与流
#### 2.2 [重点实战练习](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/)
├── [中括号重载.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/中括号重载.cpp)
├── [时钟++运算符重载.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/时钟++运算符重载.cpp)
├── [运算符重载之强制转换.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/运算符重载之强制转换.cpp)
└── [重载圆括号的时钟.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/重载圆括号的时钟.cpp)
├── [函数模板.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/函数模板.cpp)
├── [动态数组.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/动态数组.cpp)
├── [字典插入与查找.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/字典插入与查找.cpp)
├── [异常捕获.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/异常捕获.cpp)
├── [类模板之栈.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/类模板之栈.cpp)
├── [类模板特化之数组.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/类模板特化之数组.cpp)
├── [继承与封装.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/继承与封装.cpp)
├── [读写文件综合题.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/读写文件综合题.cpp)
├── [输入输出运算符重载.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/输入输出运算符重载.cpp)
├── [输入输出重载.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/输入输出重载.cpp)
├── [输出格式.cpp](./practical_exercises/key_exercises/输出格式.cpp)
### 3.[C++2.0 新特性](./c++2.0)
#### 3.0 概况
C++2.0 是一个简称，意为「现代 C++」，包括 C++11/14/17/20。
#### 3.1 [C++11 新特性](./c++2.0/c++11)
#### 2.1 [C++11 New Features](./c++2.0/c++11)
- [Variadic Templates](./c++2.0/variadic)
@ -153,7 +126,7 @@ C++2.0 是一个简称，意为「现代 C++」，包括 C++11/14/17/20。
```cpp
vector<list<int> > //ok in each C++ version
vector<list<int>> // before c++ 11 error error: ‘>>’ should be ‘> >’ within a nested template argument list,c++11后可以正常通过
vector<list<int>> // before c++ 11 error error: ‘>>’ should be ‘> >’ within a nested template argument list,version beyond c++ 11 could compile successfully
```
- [nullptr and nullptr_t](./c++2.0/nullptr.cpp)
@ -176,8 +149,8 @@ C++2.0 是一个简称，意为「现代 C++」，包括 C++11/14/17/20。
- [=default,=delete](./c++2.0/default_delete.cpp)
如果你自行定义了一个 ctor,那么编译器就不会给你一个 default ctor
如果强制加上 =default,就可以重新获得并使用 default ctor.
If you define a ctor by yourself, compiler won't compile the default ctor.
If you add =default, you could recatch and use default ctor.
- Alias(化名)Template(template typedef)
@ -202,30 +175,29 @@ C++2.0 是一个简称，意为「现代 C++」，包括 C++11/14/17/20。
- [move aware class](./c++2.0/move.cpp)
- 容器-结构与分类
- Container-Struct And Classify
- (1) 序列式容器包括：`array`(C++2.0 新引入),`vector`,`deque`,`list`,`forward_list`(C++2.0 新引入)
- (2) 关联式容器包括：`set/multiset`,`map/multimap`
- (3) 无序容器(C++2.0 新引入,更换原先 `hash_xxx` 为 `unordered_xxx`)包括：`unordered_map/unordered_multimap,unordered_set/unordered_multiset`
- (1) Serial containers include：`array`(C++2.0 Newly Introduced),`vector`,`deque`,`list`,`forward_list`(C++2.0 Newly Introduced)
- (2) Associated containers include：`set/multiset`,`map/multimap`
- (3) Unordered container(C++2.0 Newly Introduced,replace `hash_xxx` to `unordered_xxx`) include：`unordered_map/unordered_multimap,unordered_set/unordered_multiset`
- [Hash Function](./c++2.0/hash.cpp)
- [tuple](./c++2.0/tuple.cpp)
学习资料：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av51863195?from=search&seid=3610634846288253061
Learning Material：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av51863195?from=search&seid=3610634846288253061
#### 3.2 C++14/17/20
### 2.2 C++14/17/20
待更新...
To Be Continued ...
### 4.设计模式
### 3.Design Pattern
- [单例模式](./design_pattern/singleton)
- [生产消费者模式](./design_pattern/producer_consumer)
- [Singleton pattern](./design_pattern/singleton)
### 5. [STL 源码剖析](./src_analysis/stl)
### 4. [STL Source Code Analysis](./src_analysis/stl)
**STL 源码剖析：gcc 4.9.1**
**STL Source Code Analysis：gcc 4.9.1**
- [array](./src_analysis/stl/array.md)
- [deque](./src_analysis/stl/deque.md)
@ -235,83 +207,83 @@ C++2.0 是一个简称，意为「现代 C++」，包括 C++11/14/17/20。
- [typename](./src_analysis/stl/typename.md)
- [traits](./src_analysis/stl/traits.md)
- [iterator](./src_analysis/stl/iterator.md)
- [谈谈 STL 设计之 EBO 优化](./src_analysis/stl/谈谈STL设计之EBO优化.md)
- [Talking about STL design and EBO optimization](./src_analysis/stl/谈谈STL设计之EBO优化.md)
- [rb_tree](./src_analysis/stl/rb_tree.md)
- [set and multiset](set_multiset.md)
- [map and multimap](./src_analysis/stl/map_multimap.md)
- [hashtable](./src_analysis/stl/hashtable.md)
- [myhashtable](./src_analysis/stl/myhashtable.md)
- [myhashtable](./src_analysis/stl/myPhashtable.md)
- [unordered_map](./src_analysis/stl/unordered_map.md)
### 6. [并发编程](./concurrency)
### 4. [Concurrent Programming](./concurrency)
#### 6.1 C++ Concurrency in Action
#### 4.1 C++ Concurrency in Action
- [第一章](./concurrency/concurrency_v1/chapter1)
- [第二章](./concurrency/concurrency_v1/chapter2)
- [Chapter One](./concurrency/concurrency_v1/chapter1)
- [Chapter Two](./concurrency/concurrency_v1/chapter2)
学习资料：https://chenxiaowei.gitbook.io/cpp_concurrency_in_action/
Learning materials: https://chenxiaowei.gitbook.io/cpp_concurrency_in_action/
#### 6.2 多线程与多进程
#### 4.2 Multithreading And Multiprocess
##### 6.2.1 Threading In C++
##### 4.2.1 Threading In C++
- [介绍](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/1.thread)
- [创建线程的五种类型](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/2.create_type)
- [Join 与 Detachs](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/3.join_detach)
- [Introduction](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/1.thread)
- [Five Types of Thread Creation](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/2.create_type)
- [Join And Detachs](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/3.join_detach)
- [mutex in C++ Threading](./concurrency/Threading_In_CPlusPlus/4.mutex)
> 学习自：
> From：
>
> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZ8yKZo-PGw&list=PLk6CEY9XxSIAeK-EAh3hB4fgNvYkYmghp&index=4
### 7. [C++ 惯用法](./codingStyleIdioms)
### 5. [C++ Conventional method](./codingStyleIdioms)
##### 你最喜欢的 c++ 编程风格惯用法是什么?
##### What is your favorite custom for c ++ programming style?
- [1.类初始化列表](./codingStyleIdioms/1_classInitializers)
- [2.枚举类替换命名空间](./codingStyleIdioms/2_enumclass_namespace)
- [3.RAII(资源获取即初始化)](./codingStyleIdioms/3_RAII)
- [4.copy and swap](./codingStyleIdioms/4_copy-swap)
- [5.pImpl(指针指向具体实现)](./codingStyleIdioms/5_pImpl)
- [1.ClassInitializers](./codingStyleIdioms/1_classInitializers)
- [2.Replace Enumclass with Namespace](./codingStyleIdioms/2_enumclass_namespace)
- [3.RAII(Resource Acquisition Initialization)](./codingStyleIdioms/3_RAII)
- [4.Copy and Swap](./codingStyleIdioms/4_copy-swap)
- [5.pImpl(Pointer Implement)](./codingStyleIdioms/5_pImpl)
### 8.学习课程
### 6.Learning Courses
#### 8.1 [极客时间《现代 C++ 实战 30 讲》](https://time.geekbang.org/channel/home)
#### 6.1 [Chinese Name:极客时间《现代 C++ 实战 30 讲》](https://time.geekbang.org/channel/home)
- [堆、栈、RAII：C++ 里该如何管理资源？](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/RAII)
- [堆](./modern_++_30/RAII/heap.cpp)
- [栈](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/RAII/stack.cpp)
- [heap、stack、RAII：How to manage resources for C ++ ?](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/RAII)
- [heap](./modern_++_30/RAII/heap.cpp)
- [stack](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/RAII/stack.cpp)
- [RAII](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/RAII/RAII.cpp)
- [自己动手，实现 C++ 的智能指针](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr)
- [Implementing smart pointers for C ++](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr)
- [auto_ptr、scope_ptr](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr/auto_scope.cpp)
- [unique_ptr](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr/unique_ptr.cpp)
- [shared_ptr](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.cpp)
- [右值和移动究竟解决了什么问题？](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference)
- [左值与右值](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/reference.cpp)
- [延长声明周期](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/lifetime.cpp)
- [引用折叠](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/collapses.cpp)
- [完美转发](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/forward.cpp)
- [不要返回本地变量的引用](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/don'treturnReference.cpp)
- [容器 1](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/container1)
- [容器 2](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/container2)
- [异常](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/exception)
- [字面量、静态断言和成员函数说明符](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/literalAssert)
- [是不是应该返回对象？](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/returnObj)
- [编译期多态：泛型编程和模板入门](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/compilerpoly)
- [译期能做些什么？一个完整的计算世界](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/compilercompute)
- [SFINAE：不是错误的替换失败是怎么回事?](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/SFINAE)
- [constexpr：一个常态的世界](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/constexpr)
- [函数对象和 lambda：进入函数式编程](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/functionLambda)
- [内存模型和 atomic：理解并发的复杂性](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/memorymodel_atomic)
- [What exactly does r value and move solve？](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference)
- [L value and R value](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/reference.cpp)
- [Extend the declaration cycle](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/lifetime.cpp)
- [Reference folding](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/collapses.cpp)
- [Perfect forward](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/forward.cpp)
- [Do not return Reference](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/reference/don'treturnReference.cpp)
- [Container 1](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/container1)
- [Container 2](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/container2)
- [Exception](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/exception)
- [Literal、Static Assertion And Member Function Specifier](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/literalAssert)
- [Return Object？](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/returnObj)c
- [Getting started with generic programming and templates](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/compilerpoly)
- [A whole Compiler Compute World](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/compilercompute)
- [SFINAE：What is it if it is not replace error?](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/SFINAE)
- [constexpr：A Normal World](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/constexpr)
- [Function object and Lambda：functionLambda](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/functionLambda)
- [Memory Model and Atomic：Understangding the complexity of concurrency](./learn_class/modern_C++_30/memorymodel_atomic)
### 9.工具篇
### 7.Tools
#### 9.1 [容器快捷输出工具](./tool/output)
#### 7.1 [Container shortcut output tool](./tool/output)
对吴老师的代码进行了修改，[点击此处直通代码](./tool/output/output_container.h)
Modified the code, [Click here for the code](./tool/output/output_container.h)
输入：
Input：
```cpp
map<int, int> mp{
@ -321,31 +293,42 @@ map<int, int> mp{
cout << mp << endl;
```
输出结果显示：
Output：
```cpp
{ 1 => 1, 2 => 4, 3 => 9 }
```
#### 9.2 像 Python 一样简单输出（Jupyter Notebook）
#### 7.2 Output Like Python（Jupyter Notebook）
- [像 Python 一样玩 C/C++](./tool/像Python一样玩CC++.md)
- [How to output like python in C/C++](./tool/像Python一样玩CC++.md)
#### 9.3 观察编译过程变化
#### 7.3 Observe the changes in the compilation process
- [https://cppinsights.io](https://cppinsights.io/)
#### 9.4 C++ 的 Debug 工具 dbg-macro
#### 7.4 Debug Tools For C ++：dbg-macro
- [C++ 的 Debug 工具 dbg-macro](./tool/C++的Debug工具dbg-macro.md)
- [Debug Tool: dbg-macro](./tool/C++的Debug工具dbg-macro.md)
### 10.拓展部分
### 8.Expansion
#### 10.1 一些问题
#### 8.1 Other Problems
- [How to convert string to in C ++？](./extension/some_problem/string_int.md)
- [C++ 中如何将 string 类型转换为 int 类型？](./extension/some_problem/string_int.md)
### 11.贡献者
### 9.Circumstance
- **Running Circumstance**
Ubuntu 18.04
- **IDE**
CLion gcc/g++
### 10.Contributor
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@ -366,22 +349,8 @@ map<int, int> mp{
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### 12.赞助我
### 11.About The Writer
如果觉得不错，赞助我吧~
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