update

README.md

@@ -137,9 +137,13 @@
 - [myhashtable](./stl_src/myhashtable.md)
 - [unordered_map](./stl_src/unordered_map.md)
 
-## 3.多线程与多进程
+## 3.设计模式
 
-### 3.1 Threading In C++
+- [单例模式](./design_pattern/singleton)
+
+## 4.多线程与多进程
+
+### 4.1 Threading In C++
 
 - [介绍](./Threading_In_CPlusPlus/1.thread)
 - [创建线程的五种类型](./Threading_In_CPlusPlus/2.create_type)
@@ -150,9 +154,9 @@
 >
 > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZ8yKZo-PGw&list=PLk6CEY9XxSIAeK-EAh3hB4fgNvYkYmghp&index=4
 
-### 4.学习课程
+### 5.学习课程
 
-#### 4.1 [极客时间《现代C++实战30讲》](https://time.geekbang.org/channel/home)
+#### 5.1 [极客时间《现代C++实战30讲》](https://time.geekbang.org/channel/home)
 
 - [堆、栈、RAII：C++里该如何管理资源？](./modern_C++_30/RAII)
   - [堆](./modern_++_30/RAII/heap.cpp)
@@ -178,10 +182,11 @@
 - [SFINAE：不是错误的替换失败是怎么回事?](./modern_C++_30/SFINAE)
 - [constexpr：一个常态的世界](./modern_C++_30/constexpr)
 - [函数对象和lambda：进入函数式编程](./modern_C++_30/functionLambda)
+- [内存模型和atomic：理解并发的复杂性](./modern_C++_30/memorymodel_atomic)
 
-### 5.拓展部分
+### 6.拓展部分
 
-#### 5.1 [C++惯用法](./codingStyleIdioms)
+#### 6.1 [C++惯用法](./codingStyleIdioms)
 
 ##### 你最喜欢的c++编程风格惯用法是什么?
 
@@ -191,11 +196,11 @@
 - [4.copy and swap](./codingStyleIdioms/4_copy-swap)
 - [5.pImpl(指针指向具体实现)](./codingStyleIdioms/5_pImpl)
 
-#### 5.2 一些问题
+#### 6.2 一些问题
 
 - [C++中如何将string类型转换为int类型？](./basic_content/extent/string_int.md)
 
-### 6.工具篇
+### 7.工具篇
 
 - [容器快捷输出工具](./tool/output)
 
@@ -225,7 +230,7 @@
   
   -  [https://cppinsights.io](https://cppinsights.io/)
 
-### 7.代码运行
+### 8.代码运行
 
 - **代码环境**
 
@@ -235,7 +240,7 @@
 
   CLion  gcc/g++
 
-### 8.关于作者
+### 9.关于作者
 
 个人公众号：
 

design_pattern/singleton/barrier_singleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-7.
+//
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#define barrier() __asm__ volatile ("lwsync")
+
+// method 1 operator new + placement new
+//singleton *instance() {
+//    if (p == nullptr) {
+//        lock_guard<mutex> guard(lock_);
+//        if (p == nullptr) {
+//            singleton *tmp = static_cast<singleton *>(operator new(sizeof(singleton)));
+//            new(p)singleton();
+//            p = tmp;
+//        }
+//    }
+//    return p;
+//}
+class singleton {
+private:
+    singleton() {}
+
+    static singleton *p;
+    static mutex lock_;
+public:
+    static singleton *instance();
+};
+
+singleton *singleton::p = nullptr;
+
+singleton *singleton::instance() {
+    if (p == nullptr) {
+        lock_guard<mutex> guard(lock_);
+        barrier();
+        if (p == nullptr) {
+            p = new singleton();
+        }
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+

design_pattern/singleton/cpulpuls11_singleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-7.
+//
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <atomic>
+
+//C++ 11版本之后的跨平台实现
+class singleton {
+private:
+    singleton() {}
+
+    static mutex lock_;
+    static atomic<singleton *> p;
+public:
+    singleton *instance();
+};
+
+mutex singleton::lock_;
+atomic<singleton *> singleton::p;
+
+/*
+* std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acquire);
+* std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_release);
+* 这两句话可以保证他们之间的语句不会发生乱序执行。
+*/
+singleton *singleton::instance() {
+    singleton *tmp = p.load(memory_order_relaxed);
+    atomic_thread_fence(memory_order_acquire);
+    if (tmp == nullptr) {
+        lock_guard<mutex> guard(lock_);
+        tmp = p.load(memory_order_relaxed);
+        if (tmp == nullptr) {
+            tmp = new singleton();
+            atomic_thread_fence(memory_order_release);
+            p.store(tmp, memory_order_relaxed);
+        }
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+

design_pattern/singleton/dcl_singleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-7.
+//
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+class singleton {
+private:
+    singleton() {}
+
+    static singleton *p;
+    static mutex lock_;
+public:
+    singleton *instance();
+
+    // 实现一个内嵌垃圾回收类
+    class CGarbo
+    {
+    public:
+        ~CGarbo()
+        {
+            if(singleton::p)
+                delete singleton::p;
+        }
+    };
+    static CGarbo Garbo; // 定义一个静态成员变量，程序结束时，系统会自动调用它的析构函数从而释放单例对象
+};
+
+singleton *singleton::p = nullptr;
+singleton::CGarbo Garbo;
+
+singleton* singleton::instance() {
+    if (p == nullptr) {
+        lock_guard<mutex> guard(lock_);
+        if (p == nullptr)
+            p = new singleton();
+    }
+    return p;
+}

design_pattern/singleton/hungrysingleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-6.
+//
+
+class singleton {
+private:
+    singleton() {}
+    static singleton *p;
+public:
+    static singleton *instance();
+};
+
+singleton *singleton::p = new singleton();
+singleton* singleton::instance() {
+    return p;
+}
+

design_pattern/singleton/iazysingleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-6.
+//
+
+class singleton {
+private:
+    singleton() {}
+    static singleton *p;
+public:
+    static singleton *instance();
+};
+
+singleton *singleton::p = nullptr;
+
+singleton* singleton::instance() {
+    if (p == nullptr)
+        p = new singleton();
+    return p;
+}

design_pattern/singleton/lock_singleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-7.
+//
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+class singleton {
+private:
+    singleton() {}
+    static singleton *p;
+    static mutex lock_;
+public:
+    static singleton *instance();
+};
+
+singleton *singleton::p = nullptr;
+
+singleton* singleton::instance() {
+    lock_guard<mutex> guard(lock_);
+    if (p == nullptr)
+        p = new singleton();
+    return p;
+}

design_pattern/singleton/pthreadoncesingleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-6.
+//
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+class singleton {
+private:
+    singleton(); //私有构造函数，不允许使用者自己生成对象
+    singleton(const singleton &other);
+
+    //要写成静态方法的原因：类成员函数隐含传递this指针（第一个参数）
+    static void init() {
+        p = new singleton();
+    }
+
+    static pthread_once_t ponce_;
+    static singleton *p; //静态成员变量
+public:
+    singleton *instance() {
+        // init函数只会执行一次
+        pthread_once(&ponce_, &singleton::init);
+        return p;
+    }
+};
+
+

design_pattern/singleton/static_local_singleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-7.
+//
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+class singleton {
+private:
+    static singleton *p;
+    singleton() {}
+public:
+    singleton *instance();
+};
+
+singleton *singleton::instance() {
+    static singleton p;
+    return &p;
+}
+
+

modern_C++_30/memorymodel_atomic/barrier_singleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-7.
+//
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#define barrier() __asm__ volatile ("lwsync")
+
+// method 1 operator new + placement new
+//singleton *instance() {
+//    if (p == nullptr) {
+//        lock_guard<mutex> guard(lock_);
+//        if (p == nullptr) {
+//            singleton *tmp = static_cast<singleton *>(operator new(sizeof(singleton)));
+//            new(p)singleton();
+//            p = tmp;
+//        }
+//    }
+//    return p;
+//}
+class singleton {
+private:
+    singleton() {}
+
+    static singleton *p;
+    static mutex lock_;
+public:
+    static singleton *instance();
+};
+
+singleton *singleton::p = nullptr;
+
+singleton *singleton::instance() {
+    if (p == nullptr) {
+        lock_guard<mutex> guard(lock_);
+        barrier();
+        if (p == nullptr) {
+            p = new singleton();
+        }
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+

modern_C++_30/memorymodel_atomic/cpulpuls11_singleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-7.
+//
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <atomic>
+
+//C++ 11版本之后的跨平台实现
+class singleton {
+private:
+    singleton() {}
+
+    static mutex lock_;
+    static atomic<singleton *> p;
+public:
+    singleton *instance();
+};
+
+mutex singleton::lock_;
+atomic<singleton *> singleton::p;
+
+/*
+* std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acquire);
+* std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_release);
+* 这两句话可以保证他们之间的语句不会发生乱序执行。
+*/
+singleton *singleton::instance() {
+    singleton *tmp = p.load(memory_order_relaxed);
+    atomic_thread_fence(memory_order_acquire);
+    if (tmp == nullptr) {
+        lock_guard<mutex> guard(lock_);
+        tmp = p.load(memory_order_relaxed);
+        if (tmp == nullptr) {
+            tmp = new singleton();
+            atomic_thread_fence(memory_order_release);
+            p.store(tmp, memory_order_relaxed);
+        }
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+

modern_C++_30/memorymodel_atomic/dcl_singleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-7.
+//
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+class singleton {
+private:
+    singleton() {}
+
+    static singleton *p;
+    static mutex lock_;
+public:
+    singleton *instance();
+
+    // 实现一个内嵌垃圾回收类
+    class CGarbo
+    {
+    public:
+        ~CGarbo()
+        {
+            if(singleton::p)
+                delete singleton::p;
+        }
+    };
+    static CGarbo Garbo; // 定义一个静态成员变量，程序结束时，系统会自动调用它的析构函数从而释放单例对象
+};
+
+singleton *singleton::p = nullptr;
+singleton::CGarbo Garbo;
+
+singleton* singleton::instance() {
+    if (p == nullptr) {
+        lock_guard<mutex> guard(lock_);
+        if (p == nullptr)
+            p = new singleton();
+    }
+    return p;
+}

modern_C++_30/memorymodel_atomic/hungrysingleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-6.
+//
+
+class singleton {
+private:
+    singleton() {}
+    static singleton *p;
+public:
+    static singleton *instance();
+};
+
+singleton *singleton::p = new singleton();
+singleton* singleton::instance() {
+    return p;
+}
+

modern_C++_30/memorymodel_atomic/iazysingleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-6.
+//
+
+class singleton {
+private:
+    singleton() {}
+    static singleton *p;
+public:
+    static singleton *instance();
+};
+
+singleton *singleton::p = nullptr;
+
+singleton* singleton::instance() {
+    if (p == nullptr)
+        p = new singleton();
+    return p;
+}

modern_C++_30/memorymodel_atomic/lock_singleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-7.
+//
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+class singleton {
+private:
+    singleton() {}
+    static singleton *p;
+    static mutex lock_;
+public:
+    static singleton *instance();
+};
+
+singleton *singleton::p = nullptr;
+
+singleton* singleton::instance() {
+    lock_guard<mutex> guard(lock_);
+    if (p == nullptr)
+        p = new singleton();
+    return p;
+}

modern_C++_30/memorymodel_atomic/pthreadoncesingleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-6.
+//
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+class singleton {
+private:
+    singleton(); //私有构造函数，不允许使用者自己生成对象
+    singleton(const singleton &other);
+
+    //要写成静态方法的原因：类成员函数隐含传递this指针（第一个参数）
+    static void init() {
+        p = new singleton();
+    }
+
+    static pthread_once_t ponce_;
+    static singleton *p; //静态成员变量
+public:
+    singleton *instance() {
+        // init函数只会执行一次
+        pthread_once(&ponce_, &singleton::init);
+        return p;
+    }
+};
+
+

modern_C++_30/memorymodel_atomic/static_local_singleton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//
+// Created by light on 20-2-7.
+//
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+class singleton {
+private:
+    static singleton *p;
+    singleton() {}
+public:
+    singleton *instance();
+};
+
+singleton *singleton::instance() {
+    static singleton p;
+    return &p;
+}
+
+